Jeffery Dahmer Serial Killer And Sex Offender - 1409 Words

Abstract This paper is a biography about Jeffery Dahmer, a notorious serial killer and sex offender. Mr. Dahmer was born on May 21st, 1960 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Jeffery murdered a total of 17 men, while molesting some of these victims. His first murder victim was Steven Hicks back in 1978. His killing spree went from 1978 up until 1991. When he was seized, he was sentenced to fifteen consecutive life terms. But on November 28, 1994 Jeffery Dahmer was murdered by a fellow prison inmate by the name of Christopher Scarver. Keywords: serial killer, molesting, Steven Hicks, Christopher Scarver, sentencing Jeffrey Dahmer â€Å" This psychopath terrorized the people of Wisconsin and Ohio for thirteen years. This man committed a series of murder, rape, and dismemberment amongst his seventeen 17 victims. This paper will go one to talk about his early life, first victims, killing spree, arrest and imprisonment, and also his death. Early Life Jeffery Dahmer was born May 21st, 1960 in West Allis, an industrial and suburban city in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin. He was the first of two sons of Lionel Herbert Dahmer and Joyce Annette. His brother was David Dahmer who was six years younger than Jeffrey. His mother was worked as a teletype machine instructor, while his father was a student at Marquette University, where he was working towards earning his degree in chemistry. His mother known to be someone who constantly needed attention, was greedy, and tended to get into disagreements withShow MoreRelatedSerial Killers Case Study1526 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Throughout history, people have been fascinated by the topic of serial killers, primarily because one cannot understand why an individual would be willing to take multiple lives with no remorse. For many years investigators, sociologist, and criminologist have continuously researched these individuals. Current research on anti-social personality disorder and psychopathic behavior has led to information on serial killer’s biological development and environmental factors. There is very littleRead MorePsychopathy And Psychopathy2015 Words   |  9 Pagesnot all criminals are â€Å"psychopaths† and not all people diagnosed with psychopathy, this paper will be primarily focused on those who posses psychopathy and have committed criminal acts of great proportion. Some crimes that involve offenders who posses psychopathy are serial killings and mass murders such as school shootings, mass shootings, and mass suicides such as those committed by cults.â€Æ' Psychology of Psychopathy The term â€Å"psychopath† brings forth images, of a cold and heartless, â€Å"crazy person†Read MoreJeffrey Dahmer : The Milwaukee Cannibal1836 Words   |  8 PagesJeffrey Dahmer – â€Å"The Milwaukee Cannibal† INTRO In 1991, Jeffrey Dahmer gained media attention after being arrested for horrific and gruesome crimes which would end a thirteen year killing spree that made him famously known to the world as the â€Å"Milwaukee Cannibal†. From June 18, 1978 to July 22, 1991 Jeffrey Dahmer lured boys and young men into his apartment but they would never leave. This essay will explain the details of Jeffrey Dahmer’s life and criminal career examining the roles contributedRead MoreThe Crimes and Trial of Jeffrey Dahmer1584 Words   |  6 PagesJeffrey Dahmer The people who knew Jeffrey Dahmer best never suspected that there was a grotesque serial killer within their mist. As a young boy Dahmer was extremely vicious, he loved to imitate mentally challenged people like it was the best game he had ever played. He was considered funny by his class mates but, in a very cruel way. During high school, his fellow classmates defined him as definitely a bit different but not dangerous. Little did anyone know that this was when Jeffery Dahmer startedRead MoreMental Disorders And The Severity Of The Disorders1681 Words   |  7 Pageseighteen years old to be properly diagnosed with Antisocial Personality Disorder. This disorder unfolds 70% more in men than in women (Bressert). Doctors diagnosed Jeffery Dahmer, a serial killer and sex offender with Antisocial Personality Disorder (â€Å"Analysis†). He was born in 1960. In 1968, a neighbor boy sexually molested the future serial killer and his parents divorced, which both took a role on Dahmer ’s crimes. At the age of ten, he experimented with dead animals (Newton, 59). He took animals and beatRead MoreAbnormal Psychology Research Paper2087 Words   |  9 PagesStephanie Quinn April 2, 2012 Abnormal Psychology Dr. Azar Dickens Diagnostic Evaluation Jeffrey Lionel Dahmer Born on May 21, 1960 Date of evaluation: 1992 sometime before the trial Background Information: Jeffrey Dahmer was a sex offender and serial killer mainly between the years 1978 and 1991. He is well known for his severely atypical behaviors. Among his outward manners that are recognized as abnormal are paraphilia-specifically necrophilia and sexual sadismRead MoreA Closer Look At Serial Killers2490 Words   |  10 Pages A Closer Look at Serial Killers Jessica Simpson Writing in Criminal Justice: Dr. Crank Appalachian State University â€Æ' A Closer Look at Serial Killers What comes to mind when you hear the words â€Å"Homicide in American†? For most in society, an image of a bloody crime scene or a smoking gun comes to mind. However, there is a form of homicide that, due to its individuality, society has put it into a category of its very own; this is known as serial murder. Serial murder is the rarest form of homicide

Is Euthanasia Necessary For Terminally Ill Patients

Whenever one visits a hospital they are disgusted with the abundance of sick and terminally ill patients. Their future is dim and they will probably not live a full life. As bills build up their family faces the burden of debt. But yet, they must sit in agony for years hoping for an end. Not able leave the hospital room. What should be done to end the endless pain? Euthanasia is ending one s life for them. This is currently illegal in the United States, even though 84% of the public and 54% of doctors support it! Euthanasia is necessary for terminally ill patients and their loved ones. So for starters, we must legalize euthanasia. But if we just legalize euthanasia, then we must accept suicide and murder. Anybody could have the right to end their own or another’s life. So if it is regulated and we remove the patient’s dignity. Why should the patients die without dignity? Because for some patients, death is not necessary, and a honor less death is not worth the release from the pain. But the patients that want and need to die don t care how they die as long as the agony is over. So how do we create a death that lacks dignity? Suicide usually happens behind closed doors and on the person’s own terms. But what if we removed that setting and it replaced it with a public organized death? Similar to the death penalty, we would have jury to approve the patient’s death. In order to prevent unnecessary deaths. Then, the day before, the patient will receive their last wishShow MoreRelatedEuthanisa Outline1008 Words   |  5 PagesSAMPLE PERSUASIVE OUTLINE – AVERAGE Student Y February 17, 2005 Section AY Topic: Euthanasia Goal: To persuade the audience that physician-assisted suicide, which is a subset category of euthanasia, should be a legal option. Thesis: All terminally ill patients or individuals in chronic severe pain should have the option of a peaceful and quick death to minimize suffering. Introduction A. Attention Gaining Device: On November 23, 2000 my mother passed away. She had terminal ovarian cancerRead MoreThe Debate Of Euthanasia And Euthanasia1429 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION: The debate of euthanasia is an ongoing one that’s shrouded with much controversy and ambiguity regarding the ethics of it in contemporary Australian society. However, the frequency of this topic being debated by physicians, influential figures and the media has become more prominent now than ever. In particular, in association with its impending legislation within Australian states. (The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists,2012) Various types of euthanasia are recognised,Read MoreEssay about Legalizing Euthanasia990 Words   |  4 PagesLegalizing Euthanasia Whose life is it, anyway? A Plea stated by the late Sue Rodrigues. Rogrigues, a high-profile, terminally-ill resident of British Columbia, Canada, suffered from a terminally ill disease (Robinson, 2001). She was helped to commit suicide by a physician in violation of Canadian law. Many people, like Rodrigues, want to be in control of their final days. Terminally ill patients have a terminal disease and do not want to diminish their assets by incurring large medicalRead MoreThe Justification Of Euthanasia Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pagescitizens are afforded so many rights lead me to the question, do we have the right to die? There are many people in the world who are against Euthanasia. Points are brought up that it is murder, it is not moral to end someone else’s life, and giving the consent to a doctor to do such an action gives them too much power. In the unfortunate event that one is terminally ill and clinging to life in unbearable pain, should people have the rights to be euthanizing or rather the right to mercy or should one beRead MoreThe Terminally Ill Patient’S Death Is Imminent, Isn’T Death1482 Words   |  6 PagesThe terminally ill patient’s death is imminent, isn’t death a natural cause of universe, imminent for all and not limited to the terminally ill? While euthanasia might be â€Å"Mercy Killing†, it does not differentiate it from an act of murder and neither and thus not justify. Euthanasia is the intentional killing of a patient for the patient’s sake either passive by withholding or withdrawing treatment or active through direct involvement. This subject is a controversial topic debated for quite someRead MoreThe Case That I Became A Terminally Ill Patient1229 Words   |  5 Pages In the case that I became a terminally ill patient, I would strongly consider the different types of end of life care that are available to me. I believe that both passive and active euthanasia are reasonab le end of life treatment options for terminally ill patients. If an individual is in unbearable pain and they have already been diagnosed with a terminal disease, it is inhumane to keep the individual alive longer than they need to. If I knew that I was going to die why would I want to bearRead MoreThe Debate Surrounding Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesPhysician-assisted suicide is the practice in which a doctor prescribes a terminally ill patient with a lethal medication as a form of active, voluntary euthanasia. These patients, rather than suffer slowly and painfully, often request this procedure as a means of experiencing a more â€Å"dignified† death. The debate surrounding this issue is a heated one, especially among the general public whose attitudes are deeply influenced by the level of patient pain and discomfort (Frileux et al. 334). At the heart of theRead MoreEuthanasia Is A Very Controversial Topic That Has Been1629 Words   |  7 P agesEuthanasia is a very controversial topic that has been around for many years. It has a wide range of what is considered okay. There are a lot of people against euthanasia. Some of the people think that a few types are permissible, while others are not. There is a final group that supports it and that all forms of euthanasia are okay. Euthanasia is defined as a â€Å"painless killing of a patient suffering from an incurable and painful disease or in an irreversible coma.† (dictionary.com) In other wordsRead MoreShould Euthanasia Be Legal?1360 Words   |  6 PagesOwadara Adedamola ENG 101 Prof. Skeen 24 November 2015 Legalizing Euthanasia â€Å"Euthanasia is defined as conduct that brings about an easy and painless death for persons suffering from an incurable or painful disease or condition† (Muckart, et al 259). Euthanasia, also dying with dignity, is the practice of the termination of a terminally ill person s life in order to relieve them of their suffering. Euthanasia is one of today’s most controversial health issues with debates on people’s rightRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Hippocratic Oath931 Words   |  4 Pagesthe best of one’s ability, preserve patient privacy, and teach the secrets to medicine to the next generation. II. Originated from the Greek word for â€Å"good death†. III. What may this be? a. Euthanasia b. For an individual to undergo euthanasia their health condition has to be incurable and all other medical actions tried, does not help them. III .There is numerous terminal ill patients in the world and some cases results in the decision of euthanasia. For some, the unbearable pain and

IT Priorities IVK for Effective Project Management- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIT Priorities IVK for Effective Project Management. Answer: Slush fund slack had been created by the previous CIO Davies just in case when the very vital projects at IVK could not be approved. The slush funds had been developed at IVK in order to get the IT project funds approved. The IT projects were not considered to be the primary functions rather they were just the supporting functions which faced trouble to get budgetary approvals from the department. To get budget approval for the IT projects that were very technical and did not deliver direct customer benefits were really tough to get approved in IVK. Moreover the IT projects were supposed to be very technical and the other departments were simply unable to understand, rather in some cases the approach that the company IVK adopted for funding the IT projects was that of preventive maintenance. This is the reason why Davies created slush funds to get these security related risks handled effectively (Wysocki, 2010). Davies being a technical person knew very well the kind of security risks might generate if the IT projects do not get implemented. He realised the importance and gravity of neglecting of IT projects in IVK that is why he thought of this idea of creating slush fund slack to get budgetary approval for the IT projects. During the IT project approval in which Barton made fun when he started criticising the way the project was presented Davies simply returned back in his shell during conflicts. This indicates that Davies, not being the one ready to take sole responsibility, will result in noose around everyones neck as everyone would get involved while decision making for the IT projects (Austin, Nolan, O'Donnell, 2016). The approach adopted by Davies was typically IT-based approach and not a management based approach. The approach adopted by Davies was technology oriented as he along with John both believed that there exists a security issue with the technology that was being used by Peoples. He believed that if there is any security risk that must be handled by receiving funds from IVK. But his approach being too much IT related which was simply did not go very well with other business units. He laid more emphasis on the security risks that might arise in totally IT language. Thus the way of communication of the security risks adopted by Davies did not clarify or show what adverse impact the security risks that are generated in IVK can have on the company as well as the customers. Thus the approach adopted by Barton that the IT spending needs to be in proper alignment with the IVK strategy and dividing the IT projects on the following basis is a better approach. The projects will be divided into categories like: Mandatory (for example security) Return on Investment (for example incremental) OCI (option creating investment). Barton has adopted a consensus approach according to which IT is important aspect that assists the process implementation and the business units are the ones who decide the priorities. The approach followed by Barton does not suggest that it should take full control over the IT budget rather it believes in putting forth the IT point of view along with the business point of view. By adopting this approach all necks will be in the noose and in case any decision goes wrong everyone who is part of decision can be blamed and held responsible (Austin, Nolan, O'Donnell, 2016). Barton needs to act smart and should not take the entire budgetary control in his hands as suggested by Maggie as well as it will make him responsible for anything that goes wrong in the company. He should come up with a brilliant idea of getting fixed the whole decision making committee which should also engage the Board of Directors. Rather he should try to create a completely new IT budgeting process by proposing certain percentage of the total budget that needs to be allocated to the IT projects that belong to the mandatory category (Wysocki, 2010). The IT committee that he needs to propose should be of board level because demanding certain percentage of budget to be taken into control of IT is not a good idea. In this case again if anything goes wrong then only Barton will be held responsible because the noose would be around his neck only, being the sole person to make budgetary decisions. What he needs to do is support the formation of an IT Security Project which should empha size on the critical factors as well as the benefits that it will draw. IT Committee with board involvement will help in promoting the say of IT within the business units which will in turn help the organization also. Thus the risks associated with IT infrastructure will be decreased and will also make decision making simple and easy (Austin, Nolan, O'Donnell, 2016). Bibliography Austin, R., Nolan, R., O'Donnell, S. (2016). The Adventures of an IT Leader. Harvard Busines Press. Wysocki, R. K. (2010). Effective Project Management: Traditional, Adaptive, Extreme. Wiley Publishing INc.

Yanomamo Culture Essays - Yanomami, Napoleon Chagnon, Monogamy, War

Yanomamo Culture There are many differences between the South American Yanomamo culture and the North American culture that we have adapted to, but just at there is culture diversity between us, we have some similarities. The ethnography, which is chose, was Yanomamo written by Napoleon A. Chagnon, anthropologists. Chagnon tells us how to it was to live among the Yanomamo family, political and warfare system versus the American Culture. The Yanomamo are of patrilineal culture, male oriented and very sexist. For some reason they believe that, they are superior to women, so do some men in American culture. However, they are jolted back reality when the law gets involved, unfortunately Yanomamo men dont have this wake up call. Marriage is cross-cultural perspective. Yanomamo marriages are much different from that of American marriages. Yanomamo women are treated as materialistic objects and promised by their father or brother to a Yanomamo man in return for reciprocity. The reciprocity could be another Yanomamo women or political alliances. The trades are often practiced in the Yanomamo culture. Polygamy is also a part of the Yanomamo culture. Yanomamo women are kept in the males possession. The Yanomamo man tries to collect as many wives as he possibly can in order to demonstrate his power and masculinity. As polygamy in American Culture is referred to as bigamy which is against the law. Besides, polygamy, the practice of infanticide plays a role in the lack of women in their society. Yanomamo prefer to parent a male child rather than a female child, so in case a female is born she is killed at birth. This again proved their sexist beliefs that women are inferior. Many Yanomamo women fearing their husbands kill a female infant to avoid disappointing their so-called better half. To the people of American culture certain procedures of murdering a new born baby would be considered brutal, horrific and mutilation. But to the Yanomamo choking an infant to death with a vine, suffocating the infant by the placing a stick across her throat, or simply throwing the child against a tree and leaving it to suffer and then die is normal. Yet some Americans would also suggest that abortion is just like murder also, so whats the difference! When an acceptable child is born into a Yanomamo family the mother breast-feeds him for a relatively long time. Children are nursed until they reach the age of at most, three or four. As long as the mother breast-feeds she is less likely to be fertile. This is a natural contraceptive. But if a new infant is born it will starve to death, because the older sibling would drink most of the milk, specially if it is a female infant. Male children grow up to be hunters and worriers. Female children although inferior (according to the Yanomamo) are valuable objects of trade and political alliances. A confusing aspect of the Yanomamo marriages is, even though polygamy is freely practiced so is monogamy but only for the women. Adultery, just like in American culture, is inexcusable to the Yanomamo. In this topic similarities make a breakthrough in both cultures. If relationship between an American woman and an American man goes putrescent and the woman becomes promiscuous violence is only expected by the man. The problem is assault and battery charges can get you into a lot of trouble, not to mention how much you would have to pay a lawyer. But Yanomamo mean get away with their violent retaliation for being disrespected because again there are no laws protecting Yanomamo women not that American women are always protected by the law, its just a myth. The punishment for the Yanomamo women who is only suspected of having an affair with another man is being beaten with a club, burned, shot with a barbed arrow, or the man decides to detach a limb (ex. Arm, leg...) with an ax or machete. Even though it seems as though women are expendable is this culture she may have some one who would aid her if she needed help, her brothers. A Yanomamo womens endeavor and search for aid is not always successful espically if her brothers are in a remote village that you could reach if you walked for a couple

Multinationals Corporations free essay sample

Multinational corporations (MNC’s) also known as International Corporation, transnational corporation, global corporation and many more. Due to the political changes that have occurred during the years, the opportunities for multinationals corporations have increased considerably. As a fact multinationals corporations are growing with rapidity. For example in Mauritius we have KFC, Mac Donald’s, Pizza hut which are all multinationals and have branches throughout the island. According to the United Nations a multinational corporation is an enterprise which owns or controls production or service facilities outside the country in which it is based. In the words of W H Moreland, Multinational Corporations or Companies are those enterprises whose management, ownership and controls are spread in more than one foreign country. Thus a multinational company carries on business operations in two or more countries. Its headquarters are located in one country (home country) but its activities are spread over in other countries (host countries). We will write a custom essay sample on Multinationals Corporations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The transnational corporation as it is known today, however, did not really appear until the 19th century, with the advent of industrial capitalism and its consequences: the development of the factory system; larger, more capital intensive manufacturing processes; better storage techniques; and faster means of transportation. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the search for resources including minerals, petroleum, and foodstuffs as well as pressure to protect or increase markets drove transnational expansion by companies almost exclusively from the United States and a handful of Western European nations. Sixty per cent of these corporations investments went to Latin America, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Fuelled by numerous mergers and acquisitions, monopolistic and oligopolistic concentration of large transnationals’ in major sectors such as petrochemicals and food also had its roots in these years. The US agribusiness giant United Fruit Company, for example, controlled 90 per cent of US banana imports by 1899, while at the start of the First World War, Royal Dutch/Shell accounted for 20 per cent of Russias total oil production. Demand for natural resources continued to provide an impetus for European and US corporate ventures between the First and Second World Wars. Although corporate investments from Europe declined somewhat, the activities of US TNCs expanded vigorously. In Japan, this period witnessed the growth of the zaibatsu (or financial clique) including Mitsui and Mitsubishi. These giant corporations, which worked in alliance with the Japanese state, had oligopolistic control of the countrys industrial, financial, and trade sectors. The characteristics and features of Multinational Corporations (MNCs). The distinctive features of multinational companies are as follows. 1. Large Size: A multinational company is generally big in size. Some of the multinational companies own and control assets worth billions of dollars. Their annual sales turnover is more than the gross national product of many small countries. 2. Worldwide operations: A multinational corporation carries on business in more than one country. The MNCs operate in many countries with multiple products on large scale. A MNC may operate both manufacturing and marketing activities in a number of countries. Some MNCs operate in several countries, whereas, others may operate in a few countries. Mostly MNCs from developed countries dominate in the world markets. Multinational corporations such as Coco cola have branches in as many as seventy countries around the world. 3. International management: The management of multinational companies are international in character. It operates on the basis of best possible alternative available anywhere in the world. Its local subsidiaries are managed generally by the nationals of the host country. For example the management of Hindustan Lever lies with Indians. The parent company Unilever is in The United States of America. The Parent company works like a holding company. The subsidiary companies are to operate under control and guidance of parent company. The subsidiaries functions as per the policies and directions of parent organization. 4. Mobility of resources The operation of multinational company involves the mobility of capital, technology, entrepreneurship and other factors of production across the territories. 5. Integrated activities A multinational company is usually a complete organisation comprising manufacturing, marketing, research and development and other facilities. MNCs undertake both Manufacturing and Marketing Activities and they are predominantly engaged in hi-tech and consumer goods industries. Majority of the MNCs are engaged in pharmaceutical, petrochemicals, engineering, consumer goods, etc. 6. Several forms A multinational company may operate in host countries in several ways i. e. , branches, subsidiaries, franchise, joint ventures. Turn key projects. 7. Origins. The development of MNCs dates back to several centuries, but their real growth started after the Second World War Majority of the MNCs are from developed countries like U. S. A, Japan, UK, Germany and European countries. In recent years MNCs from countries like Korea, Taiwan, India, China, etc. are operating in the world markets. 8. Profit Motive. MNCs are profit oriented rather than social oriented. Such corporations do not take much interest in the social welfare activities of the host country. 9. Quality Consciousness MNCs are quality and cost conscious and managed by professionals and experts. They have their own organization culture and systems. MNCs believe in the concept of total quality management. Aims of multinational corporations Multinational companies make investments in different countries with the following aims. (a) To take tax benefits in host countries; (b) To exploit the natural resources of the host country; (c) To take advantage of Government concessions in host country; (d) To mitigate the impact of regulations in the home country; (e) To reduce cost of production by making use of cheap labour and low transportation expenses in the host country. (f) To gain dominance in foreign markets; (g) To expand activities vertically. Advantages of multinationals corporations. The merits of a multinational corporation may be enumerated as follows: 1) Costs Controls. Operating overseas can take advantage of lower labor costs in the same way as outsourcing, while allowing greater supervision and control to ensure quality. A multinational corporation can also benefit from reduced transportation costs. For example, a jewelry company could save money by setting up a branch in a country with gold mines, making rings locally, then shipping them to the home country for retail, rather than shipping the gold to the home country for local manufacture. Multinational corporations carry on operations on a large-scale, which ensure economics in material, labour and overhead costs. 2) Taxations. Having operations in multiple countries may allow the company to take advantage of tax variations. The company could place its business officially in the country with the lowest tax rates, even if management is elsewhere. Running a multinational corporation can help the business benefit from the tax systems of countries that require the company to have a physical presence to benefit from low rates, rather than simply operate a shell or paper company. 3) Consumer benefits. A multinational corporation that benefits from both low production costs and low taxes should be able to make increased profits while reducing prices, which benefits consumers. The company may also have access to knowledge and skills in multiple countries that could help it produce better products. 4) Research and development activities. Developing countries lack in research and development areas. Expenditure on research and development is essential for the promotion of technology. Multinational corporations have greater capability for research and development activities in comparison to national companies. Multinationals survive in the international market through their advanced research and development activities. 5) Far-reaching effects on the economic, social and political conditions of the host country. Multinational corporations provide a number of benefits to the host country in the form of (a) Economic growth; (b) increased profits; (c) Developing of new products; (d) Reduced operational costs; (e) Reduced labour costs; (f) Changing social and political structure, etc. Thus, it helps in the exploitation of resources of host countries for their own economic advancement. ) Product innovation Multinational corporations have research and development departments engaged in the task of developing new products, diversification in the product line, etc. Their production opportunities are far greater as compared to national companies. 7) Marketing superiority Multinational corporations enjoy market reputations and face less difficulties in selling their products by adopting effective adv ertising and sales-promotion techniques. 8) Financial superiority Multinational corporations generate funds in one country and use such funds in another country. They have huge financial resources at their disposal as compared to national companies. Moreover, multinational corporations have easier access to external capital markets 9) Technological superiority Multinational corporations can participate in the industrial development programmes of underdeveloped countries because of their technological superiority. They can produce goods having international standards and quality specifications by adopting the latest technology. Generally, multinationals transfers technology through joint venture projects. 0) Potential source of capital and advanced technology Economically backward countries invite multinational corporations as a potential source of capital and advanced technology to generate economic growth and to create employment opportunities. 11) Expansion of market territory Multinational corporations enjoy extension of activities beyond the geographical boundaries of their countries. Multinational corporations can enhance their internati onal image by expanding their operations activities. 12) Creating employment opportunities Increase in the scale of operations results in more job opportunities. The entry of multinational corporations helps in creating employment opportunities in production and marketing activities. Disadvantages of multinational corporations. The possible disadvantages of a multinational investing in a country may include: 1) High Profit Low Risk Investment The multinational company prefers to invest in areas of low risk and high profitability. Issue like social welfare, national priority etc. have less priority on their agenda. Mostly they invest in consumer goods industry. 2) Interference in Political Matters. The multinational company from developed countries interferes in the political affairs of developing nations. There are many cases where multinational company has bribed political leadership for their own economic gains. Multinational investment can be very important to a country and this will often give them a disproportionate influence over government and other organizations in the host country. Given their economic importance, governments will often agree to changes that may not be beneficial for the long-term welfare of their people. 3) Create Artificial Demand. These companies create artificial and unwarranted demand by making extensive use of advertising and ales and promotion techniques. 4) Exploitation. These companies are financially very strong and adopt aggressive marketing strategies to sale their products, adopt all means to eliminate competition and create monopoly. 5) Technological Problem Technology they use is capital intensive so sometimes that technology does not fully fit in the needs of developing countries. Also, multinational company is criticized for transferring outdated technology to developing countries. 6) Foreign Exchange go outside the Country The working of multinational company is a burden on the limited resources of developing countries. They charge high price in the form of commission and royalty paid by local business subsidiary to its parent company. This leads to outflow of foreign exchange. 7) National Threat. Sometimes outdated technology is used by domestic industries which hamper the quality and price of their products so they cannot compete with those multinational company. Hence, there is a threat of nationwide opposition to multinational company. Arrival of these companies creates an atmosphere of uncertainly to the domestic industries. 8) Cultural and social impact Multinational company imposes their culture on developing countries. Along with the products they also indirectly impose the culture of developed nations. These companies have imposed the culture of fast food and soft drinks onto the developing nations. For examples: burger and coke. Large numbers of foreign businesses can dilute local customs and traditional cultures. For example, the sociologist George Ritzer coined the term McDonaldization to describe the process by which more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world take on the characteristics of a fast-food restaurant, such as increasing tandardization and the movement away from traditional business approaches. 9) Environmental impact Multinationals will want to produce in ways that are as efficient and as cheap as possible and this may not always be the best environmental practice. They will often lobby governments hard to try to ensure that they can benefit from regulations being as lax as possi ble and given their economic importance to the host country, this lobbying will often be quite effective. 10) Transfer pricing. Multinationals will always aim to reduce their tax liability to a minimum. One way of doing this is through transfer pricing. The aim of this is to reduce their tax liability in countries with high tax rates and increase them in the countries with low tax rates. They can do this by transferring components and part-finished goods between their operations in different countries at differing prices. Where the tax liability is high, they transfer the goods at a relatively high price to make the costs appear higher. This is then recouped in the lower tax country by transferring the goods at a relatively lower price. This will reduce their overall tax bill. 11) Access to natural resources. Multinationals will sometimes invest in countries just to get access to a plentiful supply of raw materials and host nations are often more concerned about the short-term economic benefits than the long-term costs to their country in terms of the depletion of natural resources. 12) Export of Profits Large multinational are likely to repatriate profits back to their home country, leaving little financial benefits for the host country. Conclusion. A multinational corporation/company is an organisation doing business in more than one country. In other words it is an organisation or enterprise carrying on business in not only the country where it is registered but also in several other countries. It may also be termed as International Corporation, global giant and transnational corporation. Like every concept multinational corporations (MNCs) also have certain advantages as well as some disadvantages both to the host country and the home country.

The David essays

The David essays You may be wondering who is David? Or what is the David? Within the next few pages I will be answering your questions like : Who is David? Or what is the David? His importance in history? When was the David sculpted? Why was the David sculpted? And finally a comparison between other Davids, like Vercchios David and Donotellos David. Oprea del Dumo di Firenze ordered the statue in 1501 after Michelangelo had come back from Rome. It took Michelangelo two and one half to three years to complete the David. The David was originally placed in front of Palazzo Vecchio, but in 1873, to protect it from the elements, a copy of the David was put outside of the Palazzo Vecchio to replace the real one which was put into the Accademia Gallery. David was the youngest of eight sons of Jesse. He was a shepherd that had saved his fathers sheep from a lion and a bear only using a sling and smooth stone. These were common weapons in those days. If you practiced long and hard enough, you could shoot one rock up to one hundred miles per hour and you could hit anything you wanted to, like a tree , a bird, or any animal you wanted . When David was about fifteen years old, he was sent by his father, Jesse, to go to the army with food and bring back tidings of the battle. While he was there, the Philistine champion Goliath [who was a giant from the town of Gath which was in Philistine territory] came out and challenged the Israelites to send their greatest warrior to fight him and whoever lost would become the victors slave, meaning that if Goliath won, the Israelites would become the Philistines, or vice versa. No one would challenge Goliath except for a young shepherd boy named David. David fought Goliath with only a sling and a stone. He later became one of the greatest kings of Israel of all time. Imagine what a difference from shepherd boy to king! Michelangelo was twenty-six years old when ...

Site Visit Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Site Visit Paper - Essay Example It made me to feel free. There were about 1000 or more people there. The church has space for almost 4000 people (Faith Family Church). There are special buildings for children and teens, and also a pretty chapel. I decide to not take notes because service is recorded and put on church website archives, so I can see it again if I need to (Faith Family Church). Also, it was very different from my experience in prayers at the mosque, so I know I will not forget what I see and hear and feel in new place. If I take notes, I cannot have experience but only be outside experience. It is important to be inside experience. We had a paper that tell us what happens, what songs and who is speaking and when to pray. My friend explained things when I ask him. I pay careful attention until 11:40 when the service end. Couple days later, I looked carefully at the website to see if I had forgotten anything. Faith Family Church started as a Bible Study in local businessman’s home 25 years ago, with Pastor Mike, the same pastor that I saw. After few months they had 40 people so they moved to restaurant. When restaurant is too small, they make their own building. Finally they build wonderful set of buildings where they are now (Faith Family Church). It is very nice and comfortable with room for growing membership. One big difference is that in Mosque men and women (over age 7) are at the same prayers but they are not together, not next to each other. At Faith Family men and women are all in the same place and are together. Men do not touch women in Mosque, and women do not touch men, but in this church men and women touch and hug, and they are comfortable like that. The service was done in personal way, like free gift for new people, and we were welcomed. Participation in music and helpful social activities was encouraged. They show a video that asks people to bring a friend to church for Easter weekend. Their prayers were personal because they talk to God like He

Unit 13&14 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit 13 - Essay Example The film scenario exemplified Andrew being discriminated from undertaking his responsibilities as a lawyer upon the discovery of his affliction. Besides being unfairly and unjustly prejudiced towards his condition, the case affected senior management, who wrongfully dismissed him, and society, in general, who scorned people afflicted with the disease. The lawyer, who Andrew initially approached to defend him, Joe Miller, played by Denzel Washington, was first apprehensive to take the case given the sensitivity of the issues. As it turned out, the court ruled in favor of Andrew and ordered the firm to award him for damages for wrongful dismissal. It is fortunate for Beckett to have been remunerated for the discrimination case filed in court. According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2008) â€Å"proving a discrimination claim is inherently difficult, since the elements of proof are generally in the hands of the defendant, i.e. the employer† (5). Most victims choose to ignore the matter of filing appropriate cases due to the costs involved in pursuing discrimination cases. Regular-average-everyday Americans can make a profound difference to transform this country by acts of random kindness to others. With no thought of reward, the Good Samaritan in the Bible stops to help a man who has been beaten and robbed. That is the essence of an altruistic act: unselfishly giving help when it is needed, no strings attached. If each and every American believes in simple, unselfish acts, then each would be instrumental in making this nation a more conscientious one. Most men do some thing or behave in a certain way because we expect to get a reward for doing so. Naturally, one does not do something because the cost of doing it would be great. The leadership model that must be manifested in contemporary societies should assist in transforming the society through focusing on encouraging others

Abacus Business Solution Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Abacus Business Solution - Case Study Example Industry Definition Point of Sale is the checkout place where a transaction is completed. In other words, it is the point where customers make payments for the goods or services they have purchased. POS systems are usually used by retail industry and restaurant industry. However, in this context, the study will focus only on the restaurant industry. According to David Gilbert, COO of the National Restaurant Association, POS systems are one of the most essential tools for a restaurant as it helps to make their business operation secure, fast and reliable. POS systems are simply the synthesis of hardware and software and business model of the companies belonging to POS industry is also simple. In general, the supply chain model of the POS industry includes POS manufacturers and developers, POS distributors, POS VARs and business owners. Figure 1 –POS Supply Chain Model Some of the major players of POS industry are Micros Systems, Inc., Restaurant Data Concepts and NCR among others. The industry is characterised by variety in product features, services and prices. According to the reports published by IBIS World, the industry reached a value of $1.2 billion in the year 2012. The industry growth rate is 1.8 % annually, but it is expected that, the growth rate will be 2% for the next five years. The major customers of this industry include hospitality sector, retail sectors, and foodservices sector. The share of revenues of POS industry is presented below. Figure 2 – Share of Revenue in POS Industry

Ethnocentric Approaches to HRM

Ethnocentric Approaches to HRM 1 Introduction Human resource management (HRM) refers to the activities an organization carries out to utilize its human resources effectively, including determining the firms human resource strategy, staffing, performance evaluation, management development, compensation, labor relations. The staffing activity is concerned with the selection of employees who have the suitable skills required to perform a particular job. To perform staffing function effectively, there are three main approaches within international business identified: the ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach, the geocentric approach (Dowling PJ, Festing M and Engle AD, 2008). In the article, the ethnocentric approach will be comprehensively and deeply analyzed, and then the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach will be figured out. Combined with analyzing the case of Hilton Group, we will see that the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for multinational company (MNC) is out, that how an internatio nal human resource management (IHRM) effectively plays its part under the global context. 2 The ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. 2.1 General situation of Hilton International Group Whichever major city you find yourself in you may have a big shot to coming across a Hilton Hotel. Hilton International Group is a leading global hotel brand; the company operates 380 hotels all round the world and has subsidiaries located in 66 countries. Its 80,000 strong workforce looks after and serves an average of 8 million guests every year (Article, 2002; Annual Report, 2003). The quality of the Hilton brand is base on the customer service and its operational excellence is higher than in most industries. The same as all service businesses, the contribution of people is of central importance to Hiltons success. Hilton International is quite decentralized: splitting into countries, cities and individual hotels. This meant that hundreds of its managers have to be convinced about the initiative an exercise in which Skill-Soft plays a fundamental role to tackle different issues arisen from its 66 country subsidiaries. (Article, 2002) 2.2 Recruitment analysis of Hilton International Group The broad recruitment strategy determines the nature of the international manager development program and the type of IMD, suggested by Perlutter (1969) and later on by DAnnunzio-Green (1997). Besides the ethnocentric approach which tends to use expatriates in key positions abroad, there are other two different approaches available for managing and staffing companies subsidiaries, the polycentric approach and geocentric approach. The polycentric approach tends to use local nationals wherever possible and the polycentric approach tends to use a mixture of nationals, expatriates and third country nationals (Treven S., 2001; Datamonitor, 2004). For the ethnocentric approach, the cultural values and business practices of the home country put a predominant influence on the subsidiaries. The corporation headquarter determines all the standards of evaluation and controls the branchs management practice in the form of orders and commands (Miles, 1965; Malkani, 2004). For the polycentric appr oach, it is just direct opposite to the ethnocentric approach. The corporation headquarter allows its subsidiaries to develop locally but the corporation headquarter will supervise the local managers. However, this results in little communication between the corporation headquarter and its subsidiaries. For the geocentric approach, it combines the advantages of ethnocentric approach and polycentric approach. The selection of manager is based on competency rather than nationality and organizations try to combine the best from both the corporation headquarter and its subsidiaries. With regard to Hilton Hotel Group, it tries to integrate different parts of the group through the cooperation between headquarter and subsidiaries, and then implement combined standard of both universal side and local side for evaluation and management (Johnson, 2003). And at the same time, Hilton has attempted to recruit and develop a group of international managers from diverse countries for many years. These international managers constitute a mobile base for a variety of management facilities as the need arises. 2.3 The phenomenon Hilton Group unfolds and implies: the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out The recruitment approach of Hilton hotel indicates something that reveals the shortages of the other two approaches. As this article aims at the ethnocentric approach analysis, it can be concluded that the Hilton Group did not adopt the ethnocentric approach as the staffing strategy for some reason. Here what is needed to be explored is that what the reason is. Underling the phenomenon of Hilton Group not adopting the ethnocentric approach, there may exists some common truth shared the multi-national corporation, like Hilton Group. Is the ethnocentric approach out to human resource management for Multi-national Corporation? The answer to this question definitely is yes; the explanations and its analysis will be stated in the following paragraph. 3 Advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach to HRM 3.1 The ethnocentric approach To analyze the question and answer above, firstly let us see what does ethnocentric approach mean and why the people use it to human resource management. Ethnocentric approach means the home country practice prevails within the company (Albrecht MH (Ed), 2001); headquarters from the home country makes crucial decisions; employees from the home country hold important positions, and the subsidiaries follow the headquarter management practice. The companies that adopt ethnocentric approach hold three reasons: firstly the company believes that there is a lack of qualified individuals in the host country to fill senior management positions(Dickman M, Brewster C, Sparrow P, 2008); secondly, the firm regards an ethnocentric approach as the best way to maintain a unified corporation culture; thirdly, the company believes that the best way to create value by transferring core competencies to a foreign branch is to transfer home-country nationals who have sufficient knowledge and competency fo r the branch. However, recently the ethnocentric is on the wane in most international business, for two main reasons: leading to â€Å"cultural myopia† and limiting advancement opportunities for host country nationals. 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach As to the issue whether ethnocentric approach to HRM should be used in Multi-national Corporation, both the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach deserve to be analyzed and evaluated. The advantages of ethnocentric approach include: offers multi-national orientation opportunities to employees through the working experience at parent company; cultural similarity with parent company guarantees various transfer of business and management practices; permits tighter control and closer coordination of international subsidiaries for the headquarters (Grandrose CS, 1997); establish a big pool of international experienced executives for the parent country. The disadvantages of ethnocentric approach include: the subsidiaries may create problems of adaptability to the local environment and culture; the corporation may involve high transfer fee and salary costs; sending managers to subsidiaries may result in personal and family problems; it may be more possible to lead to high fa ilure rate; it may has disincentive effect on local-management morale and motivation; the subsidiaries may be subject to local government restrictions, and others. For Multinational Corporation, the ethnocentric approach shows a centralized authority management style. The local subsidiaries do not have so many decision-making rights compared with the geocentric approach subsidiaries. However, the business surroundings vary from one country to another. One management decision works out in a country but may not work out in another. Obviously this is unsolvable problem faced by the corporation headquarter that adopted ethnocentric approach to HRM. Surely there are other tough issues confronted with the MNC which adopts ethnocentric approach. But all the issues are arisen from the ethnocentric approach. Thus I think the disadvantages of the ethnocentric approach put a heavier negative role on the MNC management than the positive role put by the advantages of the ethnocentric approach. Combined with Hilton hotels operational environment differences, Hilton Group made a right decision of not adopting the ethnocentric approach. 3.3 Deeply analyzing the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. Since it is a right decision for Hilton Group not to adopt the ethnocentric approach, then put it in another way, it is a wrong decision for Hilton Group to adopt the ethnocentric approach, at least at the time of present. Then it can be concluded that the ethnocentric approach to HRM for Hilton Group is out. However, can the conclusion be applied universally into other multi-national corporation like Hilton? If the answer is yes and the ethnocentric approach to HRM for Multinational Corporation is out, then what is the reason and how does it happen. The following is to deeply analyze the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. On the related theme, if the foreign subsidiaries of MNC intend to succeed in a particular market, they must hire, train, and afford attractive career path to the local managers in the subsidiary country (Lucas R et al, 2006). Having those who know the language, the culture, and the business customs to operate the subsidiaries is quite crucial to reach the success of the subsidiaries. All these requirements above in this paragraph cannot be realized by the ethnocentric approach. For MNC, the ethnocentric approach denies advancement to the subsidiary country nationals, which probably breed resentment and diminish the corporation public image; the expatriate managers may become insular in their attitudes and prone to the cultural myopia, and the latter may lead to management overlooking niche market opportunities. The ethnocentric approach also frequently comes into conflict with host-country laws, norms and traditions (Schuler R. and Jackson S., 2003). It is clearly that the ethnocentric approach to management is not best suited to a global market place. And as more and more companies realize that the ethnocentric approach does not yield success, gradually this approach will be abandoned in favor of a more multinational approach. 4 The right way to perform IHRM and help MNC develop. 4.1 How IHRM works in a MNC Under the context of global economic integration, if the MNC wants to achieve success in the world market, it has to adopt a more multi-national competitive strategy for human resource management, rather than the ethnocentric approach. To explore deeper what constitute the success of a MNC for HRM, the characteristics of IHRM will be stated and analyzed here. Broadly defined, international human resource management (IHRM) means all the process of procuring, allocating, and effectively utilizing human resources within a multinational corporation. If the IHRM is a art of managing different people with various cultures, then the emphasis of IHRM should be focused on dealing with the changes among the differences from both the people and the culture (Warner M and Joynt P, 2002), and then to realize the goal of managing workforce efficiently and effectively across boundaries for the company, in other word, during the process of managing, people with different culture, ethnicity, values and ethos will be well coordinated and organized. Compared with the domestic traditional HRM, there are two somewhat conflicting strategic objectives that are needed to be achieved by international human resource managers (Sparrow P. et al, 2004). Firstly, the IHRM managers need to integrate the HR practices and policies across the subsidiaries in different coun tries so that the corporation objectives can be achieved. Secondly, the approach to IHRM must be flexible enough to allow for many differences in the type of HR policies and practices that are very effective in the different business and cultural environment. 4.2 The approach for IHRM working in a MNC: geocentric approach Based on the requirements of IHRM, according to the definition of the geocentric approach, and combined with the analysis of Hilton case, it can be seen that the geocentric approach is an effective approach to the international human resource management. The geocentric approach can not only help the corporation deal well with the local issues arisen in the subsidiaries, but also can demonstrate trust in local citizenry which is good for the public relations of a MNC and increase acceptance of the company by the local community. What is more, the geocentric approach can effectively represent local considerations and constraints in the decision-making process and maximize the number of decision options available in the local environment. 5 Conclusions IHRM focuses on the management of human resources on a global basis. For a multi-national corporation, how to effective manage various differences from the subsidiaries located in different countries is a crucial part to its IHRM. Then choosing the right approach influences the great implementation of the major international human resource management functions. Those companies that take the ethnocentric approach attempt to impose their home country methods on their subsidiaries. But it results in bad outcomes in the subsidiaries. Various issues arisen from the ethnocentric approach are confronted by the corporations that adopt ethnocentric approach. The multi-national corporations have to find another approach to effective carry out the global competitive strategy and deal with the local tough issues in subsidiaries. Hilton Group, though using large quantities of expatriates to manage its hotels, achieved a great success all round the world. It indicates that the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. Then by analyzing the characteristics of multi-national corporations, the right approachgeocentric approachis proved to be able to tackle the issues arisen in subsidiaries. However, varied with the business surroundings changes and differences, the approach to IHRM implementation also needs to be adjusted. Maybe one day the geocentric approach is out to IHRM, a newer approach appears to help the MNC achieve success globally; after all, all the approaches aim to make the company win. References Albrecht MH (Ed) (2001), International HRM: managing diversity in the workplace, Oxford: Blackwell Article, 2002, A skillsoft case study: Hilton hotels, http://www.skillsoft.com/EMEA/documents/Hilton%20Case%20study.pdf Boselie P., Paauwe J., Richardson R., 2003, Human resource management, institutionalization and organizational performance: a comparison of hospitals, hotels and local government, International Journal of Human Resource Management; December, Vol. 14 Issue 8, pp.1407-1429; Datamonitor, 2004, Hilton Group plc: company profile, April, pp. 1-9; Dickman M, Brewster C, Sparrow P (2008) International Human Resource Management: A European Perspective, London: Routledge Dowling PJ, Festing M and Engle AD (2008), International Human Resource Management: Managing People in a Multinational Context, London: South Western Grandrose CS (1997), Cross-cultural Work Groups, London: Sage Johnson A., 2003, Making room for recognition and reward at Hilton, Strategic HR Review, Vol.2 Issue 3, March/April, pp.10-12; Lucas R et al (2006) Human Resource Management in an International Context, London:CIPD Miles R., 1965, Human relations or human resources?, Harvard Business Review, Vol.43 Issue 4, July/August, pp.147-189; Schuler R. and Jackson S. (2003) Managing Human Resources in Cross-Border Alliances London: Routledge Sparrow P. et al (2004) Globalizing Human Resource Management London: Routledge Warner M and Joynt P (2002) Managing Across Cultures. London: Thomson

Low Savings :: essays research papers

Americans on average, save less than 1% of their after-tax income today compared with 7% at the beginning of the 1990s. U.S. citizens are saving less because, of the higher cost of housing and interest rates. Many homeowners believe that rising real estate values give them the necessary savings they would otherwise have set aside. The housing boom, like the stock market boom before it, allowed Americans to save without having to reduce consumption. As the value of their assets rise, people naturally feel richer. Consumer spending has held up not because incomes have risen, but because consumers have taken on more debt, mostly by borrowing against rapidly rising housing prices. The marginal propensity to consume is affected by consumer confidence and interest rates as they affect the rate of return on savings. With fewer dollars available as savings to banks and other financial institutions, interest rates are higher for both savers and borrowers than they would otherwise be. That makes it more costly to finance investment in factories, equipment, and other goods, which slows growth in the GDP. The lower savings rate meant a higher consumption rate, which stimulates more spending, more income, and thus more spending, in a self-feeding process known as the multiplier effect. People do not save for the sake of saving. They save to spread consumption over their lives. Also the U.S. has a consumer culture, with consumers always having to â€Å"keep up with the Joneses† Kids seem entitled to deserving goods that other kids own. Since consumers will be spending more rather than saving, equilibrium GDP will not be balanced. Unemployment and inflation will occur since low spending by investors does not balance the low savings rate of consumers. Our high consumption, low savings economy has worked only because our European and Asian allies have been willing to save and produce more than they consume.

Policing has affected a Nation not Just a Race Essay

Throughout the interview process I was able to understand and gain an adequate perception of how others felt about law enforcement here in the United States. I found that many answers were universal and were not only the views of one particular race. Law enforcement is set in place to up hold the laws and to protect and serve the people of the United States. However, I found that a few of my interviewees felt that law enforcement was biased and were not for all people. The interviewing process was very interesting and being able to listen to the participants’ responses was very enlightening. No two people had the same perception however, there were many concerns that were similar. My first interview was conducted on an African American woman. She is 75 years old and is originally from Saint Joseph, Louisiana. However, she is a widower and all of her children have passed on. She moved here to Houston Texas in 1960 with the husband and two children. Where they have resided in th e area of Houston known as Fifth Ward for over 54 years. She has spoken about how growing up in Louisiana as a black child was horrible, and how they were taught to avoid the police by all means. The town of Saint Joseph was a very small town, and it was divided by color. Yes my interviewee grew up during segregation, and she recalls that the police were not for the blacks. She recalls classmates being beaten by the police and nothing never being done about the fact that they were beaten for nothing. She spoke of the time when her sister worked for a white family and was raped by the man of the house. Her sister and family could not report such a crime because they feared that it would bring trouble to their entire family. She states that she has no respect for law enforcement, however she states that she never breaks the laws of the land. Obeying the law is her way of staying out of jail and feels as long as she abides the law she is quite alright. During her interview I found her having many stories to tell in regards to how black life has no value, and how she has never seen the law truly work for the African American. Her responses to the  questions left her stumbled sometime, and I found myself finding ways to inform her that law enforcement ha s made great changes since she was a child. I could understand but I was unable to relate because my experience with law enforcement has never been to the extent of hers. I did find it quite interesting when she was asked the question about domestic violence. Her response was, â€Å"I never heard of husband’s hitting their wives and if they did that was not something for the world to know†. She stated that, â€Å"You knew that what went on in your home stayed in your home†. I was shocked and somewhat appalled at her response. Her body language and her tone let me know that she was indeed serious about keeping affairs in the home. She believed that women who were hit must have done something pretty bad to make her husband hit her. I still found myself puzzled by her response. Although during the second interview when asked this very same question. She elaborated about an incident with her cousin who was caught cheating and her husband did abuse her. She inclined to say that, â€Å"You just do not do things in such a manner and not expect such behaviors†. I could understand where she was coming from, but I was not able to agree with a man or a woman hitting their mate. This 76 year old black women was still stuck in the era of when she was a child and very young adult. She felt that law enforcement would never been positioned to serve or protect African Americans, and that the only reason they have allowed blacks to become police officers was because it would not matter if another black man was killed. In her opinion there is no hope for the African American people here in the United States and that it is just a bunch of boloney in the world in which we live. However she did feel that the use of DNA was the greatest thing that could have come along. With a strong understanding that the use of DNA can help to solve crimes and maybe even help from crimes being committed. She believes that if they find a killer this way people may think twice before actually think twice before committing murder. Her wish is that law enforcement stop perceiving and believing that all black people are  criminals. My next interviewee is a Caucasian women and she is 41 years old. She is married and is the mother of three children. She is a fulltime student at the University of Houston-Downtown and she will be graduating in December. She is a Houston native and she grew up near Bellaire. Her and her family now reside in the historical area of the Heights. This too was a very interesting interview, simply because she was truly involved with the questions and she gave a statement as to why she felt the way she did with the answers she gave. Her answer in regards to domestic violence she felt that there are three sides to a story and that both parties should give their side. Then allow the police to determine if the call and the situation requires law enforcement to detain anyone. Her thoughts on how the police perceived citizens was very mind blowing, and she felt that it was not just minorities that were targeted by law enforcement. However she does feel that police are power hungry, bias, hardworking and underpaid, and this only adds stress. Stress can factor in how law enforcement responds and reacts to certain situations when performing their job without allowing race and location to blind their actually duty to the citizens. As stated early she feels that every citizens is scrutinized by law enforcement, and she feels that law enforcement tends to the jump the gun before completely assessing the situation. Being a mother of three she found what it felt like when her son was stopped and harassed by the police for no particular reason. She believes these acts are the very reason that the younger generation shows no respect for law enforcement. However she does feel that reaching out to high schools would be a proactive in the process of recruiting new offi cers. She also feels that there she be additional training included for those citizens with mental illness. Those trainings will help to keep the citizens and the officers out of harm’s way. I will now move on to my third participant who is a 46 year old African American woman who has recently divorced and has no children. She is originally from East Oakland, California and has been in Houston for 5 years. Returning back home is the plan in the five years. She has dealt with the police on a regular occasions due to her ex-husband being  incarcerated for ten years. Her answers were just as interesting as my second participant, and her answers were very colorful. I want to just note that her lifestyle was one that was accustomed to glitz and glam due to the fact that her ex-husband was a drug dealer. She recalls the time that law enforcement ran into her home and threw her on the floor and she stated talked to her like she was an actual dog. Not allowing her to speak, handcuffed her, and she was thrown in the back of a police car. She says that she was held for questioning for 2 days, and even with her ex-husband stating that she had nothing to do with his dealings. They keep her and continued to question her asking the same questions over and over. However she does not hate law enforcement and she believes that this very incident opened her eyes to a different type of guy she would ha ve. She feels that most part traditional policing strategies have been effective in combating crime, however police use excessive force when utilizing discretion in dealing with citizens sometimes. Recalling an incident that was made into a movie named â€Å"Fruitvale† was based on a true story and was right down the street from which she grew up. She believes that the police in East Oakland are very aggressive and are trigger happy. She feels that law enforcement here in Houston are not as aggressive with law enforcement back home in California. She does feel that in certain areas of town here in Houston. This participant would like to see a substantial increase of specialized training in the mental illness area, sign language for the hearing impaired and subtle prejudice courses for those law enforcement officers who are hiding behind their badge. Police officers are receiving adequate training as for as the physical requirements. To be well rounded you have to have some since of street smarts and able to deal with people from all walks of life. She agrees with every current method of police recruitment, selection, and training of officers, except the minimum age requirement for some law enforcement agencies. She had some personal views on domestic violence seeing that she was a domestic violence survivor. She does believe that women should be arrested for domestic violence, however she feels there is an exception if the woman is trying to defend herself. My fourth participant is 43 year old African American male and he is married with no kids. Had no run in with the law until he mad e 40 years old. His brushes with law came from driving while intoxicated and carrying a handgun. He was  able to have the handgun case dismissed, because he actually had his handgun concealed. However he is on probation for driving while intoxicated. He has lived in Houston his entire life and has very biased views about law enforcement. In his younger days he was a part of a gang and was what he refers to as a thug and drug dealer. He took pride in his past and stated that had he not have met his wife he would probably still be running the streets. I also found that he is a male chauvinist and has some harsh views on domestic violence. When asked about domestic violence he stated that a women should know her place and that the man is head of his home. He feels that as long as a woman is submissive and keeps her husband happy they should not have any problems. He does not feel that a wife should not call the police on her husband and that they should keep what goes on in their home. Being a woman that has experienced domestic violence I got off of subject and asked him why such harsh feelings about domestic violence. He stated that his step father was abusive and his mother stayed. She never called the police on him and over time the abuse stopped. They were pretty happy before his step father passed, and being the grandson of a pastor he feels that bible is key to keeping a happy home. When asked about how the police perceived citizens, he automatically stated that African Americans have no chance with the Houston police department. Growing up in the northeast intercity area of Houston he says he has seen police brutality on a regular. The police were not there to help black people is what he stated. He said the only way the police were on your side was if you had enough money to pay them. They do not fight crime and they are a part of the crimes that are committed. Biased and unethical are his choice words about law enforcement. Still today in 2013 ones race and ethnicity affects how police treat you. Blacks are treated as the criminal and Whites are treated as the innocent bystanders. He feels that police are a threat to minorities and there should be training to new officers so that they do not allow their personal views to interfere with their ability to protect and serve all citizens. He express the fact that the police have no understanding or training when it comes to dealing with the mentally ill, and feels they have no problem with shooting them. Extensive training should be given yearly, and maybe even some classes should be required to be able to realize that there may be some mental illness when dealing with certain individuals. I  want to be honest and inform you that I was not able to complete a second interview with this participant and I was able to find a fifth participant. Now my last participant is 35 year old African American women who is married with three children and is a fulltime student at the University of Houston. She is a Psychology major and will be graduating in May of 2014. She is native Houstonian and grew up in the fifth ward area. Having a daughter in the military has opened her eyes for all those that protect and serve. She is also the daughter of a preacher. She believes that females have more help now to escape an abusive home in a peaceful and confidential manner. However she feels in some cases determining the difference between minor and serious acts of domestic violence are ignored by officers that arrive on the scene. Understanding the frustration when officers deal with mentally ill people because many officers have died trying to help but in many cases officers are there to get them the help they need so yes they do respond appropriately. DNA is vital in most convictions because it can be used to clear suspects and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes. She believes that laws are put in place to protect not only the citizens but those that are uniformed to do so. When asked about the current methods of recruiting she respond. The current method for recruiting officers is pretty good but as in any field how can you really predict or screen if you have a ‘bad’ or â€Å"good† officer as a candidate despite all the requirements including background and psychological information revealed. She felt that the only inadequate problem of training is the mental state of many of the officers. In the area of training she believes that all officers need to be trained on how to deal with other races and they need to be taught social skills within various cultures. Maybe this will help them erase preconceived notions and ideas of others that are not a part of their ethnic group. There are way too many cases involving officers and issues with minorities, stereotyping, racial profiling, brutality, injustice and racism, many officer perceptions is very negative when it comes to certain ethnicities. There has to be a stamp on the bias that affects the way minorities are treated when dealing with law enforcement. All of the participants were very strong about their views based on personal or others experiences with law enforcement. Listening to their answers and their stories opened my eyes, and allowed me to feel how they truly felt. However  I wondered did any of my participants understand that many officers may have the same opinion about the citizens that they protect and serve. Many men and women that are in law enforcement fear for their lives every day. I understand that some law enforcement officers are biased, however I feel that some of that may extend from personal experiences as well. Maybe there could be some common ground for both parties, and there should be a communal outreach to bring back community involvement.

Labor Relation Management

Labor Relation Management Bargaining Laws Covering Public Employees The enactment of rules permitting public sector mutual negotiation in the U.S states lacks consistency due to the disparities in desires and political goals of the diverse states. This means that in states where workers can enjoy collective agreements, they still utilize politics and mixed forms of habitual representation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relation Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, some states set tough rules against the unions and does not recognize them formally. In addition, other states also ban negotiations, strikes, and any form of arbitrations leading to binding pacts with employees (Slater, 2004) Impasse Resolution Procedures Regularly company management and union leaders may fail to concur on contract conditions resulting into a stalemate. This development necessitates third party involvement to facilitate resolution of the tw o party’s lack of harmony. Mediation is a procedure of settling these divergences where the third party tends to attain deliberate consensus between unions and employers (Riccucci, 2006). Arbitration becomes the last step in settling rows entailing submission to a third party any unsettled disputes for ultimate resolution. The procedure regularly finds application in industrial settings. Employers also utilize union shops procedure to handle impasses (Riccucci, 2006). This entails employers accepting to maintain union workforce only on its payroll and may recruit non-union personnel given that they agree to join the workers union within a specific period. There is conciliation method where a third party conducts dispute resolution through informal means to try to settle the disagreements. Public Employees Right to Strike Public employee’s right to strike does is unnecessary since the public civil service system exists to address their grievances. The workers freedom to strike should be outlawed or constrained. This is because public employees avail services, which are central to the well being of the community. Uniformed employees are not allowed whatsoever to picket.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, some employees have the chance to strike but with a surety that the consequences of their action will not result into problems affecting the public well-being. The government avails other means of settling disputes including arbitration (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Public Employees Right to Interest Submission for Dispute Resolution Public employees should submit attention dispute to ultimate and obligatory arbitrations instead of holding a legally acquired strike order. The importance of this is that the employees can have an opportunity to try settlement. Legal strike may lead to more problems and loss of time and profi ts for the company. In addition, legal strikes may lead to victimization of other employees who may be discharged. Arbitration may provide enhanced outcomes since even after strikes union will have to negotiate with the employers for better deals. An opportunity to achieve the same end coming parallel with striking, the workers need to chose arbitration. Reasons for Slow Development of Labor Unions in Latin American Countries The labor unions in Latin America apparently develops slowly than in the U.S. reasons for this scenario may include the rate of employment, which declines in many sectors. This results to companies discharging workers or failing to hire people. The low number of workforce has had an impact on unionization level in the Latin America (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). In addition, most youths on employment in the countries with little education have a negative awareness on the importance of unions. The youths therefore fail to join the unions thus causing t he slow development of the unions due to low membership. The wage availed to workers in the Latin America is also apparently low, making most workers to prefer satisfying their needs than donating to the unions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Labor Relation Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Actually, this has compounded the problems of union development, which requires huge finances to run concrete union actions (Inter-American Development Bank, 2003). Furthermore, most countries in Latin America with almost equal economy have diverse unionization rates and regulatory measures. Finally, political aspects including repression and derailment also have significant impact on the speed of unionization in Latin America. Worker Participation in Western Europe Worker participation is a form of workers representation in the companies, which take place when employees take part directly or indirectly in decision mak ing in their places of work. The rise of workers participation in Western Europe resulted from issues including response to strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The workers interest misrepresentation during collective bargaining by union leaders resulted into some employees taking part in strikes apparently, as negotiations never qualified into addressing interests. The workers protested over poor employment conditions, methodological alterations, and coherence in wages. The workers were taking responsibility in regulating occupation settings and rejecting employer’s plea to manage work places after strikes (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This continued to ensure that employees gained a considerable control of making decisions at work places through representations. The response of the employers after strikes and employees taking responsibility entailed better deals and agreeing to workers demands of company representations and work councils. To sustain the societal order, decrees came up enlarging the authorities of unions compared to those of employers and making stable vital collective bargaining (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Features of Japanese Labor Relation Systems Japanese labor administration relations run through perpendicular outline where the corporation becomes a fatherly unit and care for its loyal employees. This system is known as enterprise unions. The close functioning rapport between the workforce and corporation strengthens the structures for worker participation and conciliation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Enterprise unions lack authority thus collective bargaining happens in the broad company through well-harmonized approach (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Workers grievances are solved when corporation make enormous proceeds indicating a decentralized bargaining advance. The Japanese system also takes note of the bargaining settlements attained in the mother industries. Remuneration gaps are mundane between managers and unskilled staff. The model of seniority becomes significant and pledges forever employment and when business fails, workforce are transferred other line companies. The business employs strategies to evade discharging workforce. Finally, settling disputes occur through the process of shop levels (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The Japanese structures are not transferable to the U.S systems since they lack workplace equality. The enterprise unions manipulated by company management deny the unions independence. The method of reconciliation of disputes through shop levels is not applicable in the U.S. in addition, the seniority approach may be disastrous to the U.S labor relations since it is unrealistic to keep workforce even during recessions (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). Transnational Collective Bargaining The advancement of collective bargaining power in new business markets requires a few factors to be fulfilled (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). The transnational firm must join the new markets labor organizations as a first prerequisite for collective bargaining. This enables the firms to bargain with the unification protecting workers in those markets. The personnel recruited into the corporation also need to form a union to use in collective bargaining. The corporation must also abide by the national labor relations regulations in the new markets before bargaining can happen effectively. Companies also need to present its proposal on how it intends to protect workers (Holley, Kenneth Roger, 2008). This enables the bargainers to have an overv iew of the company’s mode of workers’ treatment. The company’s operations must comply with labor regulation practices in the new market including recruitment of workers, designing of payment for labor, and workers interest protections. Canada Labor Relation System The Canadian labor rules have similar components as the U.S. after Canada adopted all the labor relations edicts from the Wagner Act. However, Canada has developed labor enactment with two outstanding features. The features transferable to the U.S labor laws include separation of authority in the constitution between federal and the regional governments (Estreicher, 2011). This avails complete command over the business associations to the regions. In addition, federal law also avoids anticipation of regional rules. Federal administration has full authority contained in the constitution to act on labor dispute concerns over few workers in industries within its jurisdiction (Estreicher, 2011). Secondly, Canada’s legislature structure of administration is also transferable. This is where a prime minister under the federal administration and regional premier interested in altering is sure of attaining popular mass for passing bills. This ensures possible enactment of controversial edicts required for initiating innovations into labor relations (Estreicher, 2011). References Estreicher. (2011). Labor and Employment Law Initiatives and Proposals in the Obama Administration. New York, NY: Kluwer Law International. Holley, W., Kenneth, M. and Roger, S. (2008). The Labor Relations Process. 8th Ed.  Orlando, Florida: Harcourt College Publishers. Inter-American Development Bank. (2003). Good Jobs Wanted Labor Markets in Latin America. Washington, DC: IDB. Riccucci, N. (2006). Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations. Armonk, NY:  M.E. Sharpe. Slater, J. (2004). Public Workers: Government Employee Unions, the Law, and the  State, 1900- 1962. New York, NY: Cornell Univ ersity Press.

Sea Anemone essays

Sea Anemone essays The sea anemone is a coelenterate. They are a member of order Actinaria. They are in class Anthozoa. And, they are in phylum Cnidara.It is an invertebrate. Anemone have no heart, veins,blood bones, no means of locomotion, it has one body opening, it is a hollow sac, and it has a nervous system. It has long tentacles . It has a hollow mouth. It resembles a flower because the tentacles create a ring around the mouth opening making it look like petals. They come in beautiful colors. Anemone are shaped like a cylinder. Anemone are jelly-like organisms. Sea anemones look like lumps of jelly after the tide comes in. They could grow up to five feet in diameter( or 1.5 meters). Anemones have thick,but slender bodies. They have hundreds of tentacles. Anemone are covered in cilia (really small hairs that are about 0.1 by two micrometers [0.000004 by 0.00008 of an inch]).Some sea anemone vary in size from a few millimeters. While others are usually 1.5 meters( about five feet) in diameter. At the end of the stalk, there is a smooth, muscular disk. The disk helps the anemone to move. Sea anemone live in a marine climate. Most of them float in the Pacific ocean. Other anemone live on rocks. All anemone live in tide pools. Most of them stay in one place. While others stay in shallow water and deeper waters. Some of them burrow. Anemones usually stay in one place. One way they move is they use their tentacles to propel themselves .But sometimes they somersault if they live in shallow water. They seldom move. They also live off the coast of any continent. Basically in warm areas. Warm areas such as off the coast of South America, Australia, Africa, Asia, and some parts of North America, the Caribbean, and Central America.They also live off the coast of Spain and , Mexico. The main climate of the places I named is the marine climate. The marine climate is a ...

WTO dispute settlement procedure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

WTO dispute settlement procedure - Essay Example The World Trade Organization’s dispute resolution system has been the subject of both self-praise and observer praise. Most of the praise revolves around its improvement of the previous dispute resolution system under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs. The World Trade Organization claims that the changes implemented by the World Trade Organization’s dispute settlement system strengthens the role that dispute resolution plays in success of the World Trade Organization’s multilateral trade regime.2 Much is made of the number of cases submitted to the dispute resolution process since its inception under the World Trade Organization. However, academics and non-government organizations, among others are not as convinced that the dispute settlement process is as successful as claimed and argue that the number of cases submitted for consultation does not represent a robust measure of success.3 This research study examines the World Trade Organization’s d ispute resolution process and determines that the number of cases alone do not reflect the success of the dispute resolution process. However, an examination of the complainants lodging complaints and the number of cases abandoned point to inherent weaknesses. This research study will explain those weaknesses and how they might be avoided by an improvement in the dispute resolution process. Introduction.... The idea is that the dispute settlement system ensures that WTO members are complying with their commitments under the WTO’s multilateral trade system.4 In 2009, the WTO had received more than 400 requests for consultation under its dispute resolution system.5 The success of the WTO’s dispute resolution system cannot be effectively measured by reference to the number of complaints lodged. It is necessary to determine the nature of the disputes, the member states lodging the disputes and the outcome of those disputes. For example, Schaffer and Melendez-Ortiz inform that a vast majority of the complaints are filed by developed countries and that while only 77 of the reported cases were filed by developing countries, the majority of those cases were filed by just two developing countries: Brazil and India. Moreover, to date, a number of African WTO members have never filed a complaint under the WTO’s dispute settlement system.6 The uneven representation in the WTOâ €™s dispute resolution system immediately draws attention to an inherent weakness rather than the success of the system. There are a number of explanations for this uneven representation. It could mean that the dispute resolution system is not well understood by developing countries. Or perhaps they lack the resources to proceed. Regardless of the explanation, there appears to be a weakness in the WTO dispute resolution system that deters its use by developing countries. In evaluating the success or lack thereof of the WTO’s dispute settlement process, this paper will examine this disparity in complaints lodged. Other factors will be examined, such as the number of

Truth and Illusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Truth and Illusion - Essay Example As the paper outlines Willy Loman, the protagonist of the play, a man in his sixties, has spent his life pursuing the dream of making a good life for himself through his hard work, but now in the sunset of his life realizes, that the dream was nothing but an illusion which he had been breathlessly pursuing. However, life dealt a cruel blow when he was just like that, dismissed him from the job and soon realizes that dreams have no place in the reality of daily life. From this study it is clear that Willy’s chosen profession that of the salesman, was itself associated with trickery and illusion. The job called on a person to be a glib tongued, smooth talker and Willy carried this role even into his own home, where he instilled the same poor values in his sons Biff and Happy. Biff, the elder son, lived a life of uselessness, drifting from one job to another, and even going to prison a couple of times. His life was a sham and even his parents were unaware of the truth. Happy, the younger son, on the other hand had made money his ultimate goal and even at his father’s grave promised to pursue the goal of making money. The play has a constantly shifting scenario—moving from past to present, illusion to reality, falsehood to truth, and finally a rude awakening from a dreamy state to one of harsh reality. This oscillation between the past and present fills the play with a lot of ambiguity. The reader’s emotions also swing ba ck and forth from a touch of sympathy for the Loman family to a complete indifference towards their pathetic condition, which is a result of their materialistic ambitions.

ISMG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

ISMG - Essay Example We would ask our customers and employees to leave suggestions and comments in our suggestion boxes placed inside the cafà © and also on our websites in order to encourage an open line communication. With coming suggestions and comments we would be able to know our lacking and immediately start working to improve our services. We here in Broadway Cafe use e-business strategy to be in touch with our customers and also to attract new consumers. As we are working with online business services we keep our customers update with new offers. We will give opportunity to our customers to create an online account to give them opportunity to keep in touch with us. Our registered customers will get periodic offers and discount through email. We will use social media for promotions and customer attractions. There could be three easy ways for our customer to keep in touch with us easily. E-business strategies being very cheap advertising solution will help Broadway Cafe to attract customers and grow sales and providing encouragements for customers to visit the cafe. The advertisement will contain promotional discount coupons for encouraging more purchases which will also increase sales. Cafà © Broadway could take advantage by effectiveness metrics. Our website will get our name out to the general public, promoting special deals and offers, etc. With the use of effectiveness metric, we will be able to get feedback from our customers and to see how much consumers are satisfied with Broadway Cafe. We will use tracking options on our website to track the amount and number of time visitors spends on our website. We would use online ordering process to communicate the requirements to our partners and suppliers. Online website also give us an opportunity to setup an online ordering system for customers for online ordering. We can use email for communication with our partners and suppliers. Online communication is the easiest way for us to reach our

E-commerce Essay Example for Free

E-commerce Essay Introduction E-commerce means conducting business online. Selling goods, in the traditional sense, is possible to do electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an e-commerce Web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. Since these servers and data lines make up the backbone of the Internet, in a broad sense, e-commerce means doing business over interconnected networks. Here are a few examples of e-commerce: accepting credit cards for commercial online sales generating online advertising revenue trading stock in an online brokerage account driving information through a company via its intranet driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet selling to consumers on a pay-per-download basis, through a Web site Globalization of production and increasing competition spurs greater business use of innovative information systems. As globalization extends its reach over cities and regions, the positions of those places within the emerging global paradigms of regional economies is changing. Only those regions and cities that can mobilize assets for local advantage would succeed. E-commerce is a burning issue of today because the global business is moving towards a virtual business world. Everything is done here virtually. The transaction is done within seconds not being present physically. People now want hassle-free shopping. They are indifferent to go to the market for purchasing the goods or taking the services. All they want one stop service. All these things can be done only with the help of e-commerce. So, the scope for the implementation of e-commerce is ever on the increase in Bangladesh. The main objective of preparing this paper is to identify the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh and the challenges behind it. Description: The feasibility analysis of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh is a matter of detailed anatomy. If we want the actual scenario regarding the issue, at first, we will have to go for the analysis of both of the sides- arguments for and arguments against in detail. Here, we would like to make a comparative explanation of the feasibility to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Arguments For: There are several arguments for the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. These are mentioned below: Cost effective: E-commerce is the process of buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. If any organization can once portrait the e-commerce based website then it has to spend the maintenance cost only. So, it can be feasible to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Technical know-how: Today some institutions are promoting e-commerce in Bangladesh. There are some private or public institutions providing the website development courses and some of these institutions are promoting the e-commerce based website with special importance. So, it can be possible to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Infra-structure: E-commerce needs a special infra-structure to be implemented or practiced. As we are moving towards the global market sharing it can be possible to implement e-commerce if we restructure or modify our existing organizational structure. M-commerce aspects: There is enough potentiality for our m-commerce sector to be developed. Especially, 3rd Generation network is coming within this November. So, if we can ensure the handsets with specification of GSM 2000+ Bandwidth then we can definitely think of the feasibility of e-commerce in Bangladesh as well. Reducing digital divide gap: The mass people are currently experiencing an acute digital divide gap. If we can ensure the digital Bangladesh through reducing this gap we can definitely plan for the implementation of e-commerce in our country. Reduced pricing: As the e-commerce involves internet marketing, the physical marketing cost is reduced considerably. So, the seller can provide the goods and services at a minimum price. So, the feasibility of implementing the e-commerce practice in Bangladesh is quite feasible. Comprehensive education system: The education system in our country is on a changing trend now the time being. Both the public and private universities are now enlisting the course related to the e-commerce sector. So, after some days we can implement e-commerce in Bangladesh as well. Transport facilities: Though we have crisis in the transport sector, the sector is highly a potential one. The present govt. of Bangladesh is planning for some projects for the development of transport sector. If it happens, the physical delivery of the goods and services will become easier according to the prior order via internet. So, in that sense, the implementation of e-commerce can be considered feasible in Bangladesh. Increasing market place: The participation of the mass people in the modern amenities is gradually increasing. As a result, the market place for the e-commerce based organization is ever on the increase. In the circumstances, the implementation of e-commerce is quite feasible. Easier transaction process: The people always want simplified lifestyle. E-commerce can make it happen. So, the implementation of e-commerce will be encouraged by most of the people. In that sense, the implication of e-commerce in Bangladesh will be encouraged. Modern payment systems: In day to day life we come across some modern payment systems like different types of cards. It is a positive sign for the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. So, this is high time we planned for e-commerce implementation. Less complexity of cyber law: The cyber law involves comparatively less complexity in Bangladesh. So, there is respectively less implications regarding law provisions to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. New entrepreneurship: In present times, it is observed that the percentage of the new initiators is ever on the increase. As the e-commerce implementation needs high initiatives, it is feasible to implement the e-commerce in Bangladesh. Increasing number of users: The number of internet user is increasing day by day. So, there is enough scope for the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. Arguments Against: There are several arguments against the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. These are mentioned below: Cost orientation: The implementation of e-commerce is cost oriented to some extent. The e-commerce demands for the high involvement of technological infra-structure. If an organization wants to implement e-commerce in the operational fields, it has to develop or modify the overall infra-structure having an alignment with technological use. In the context of Bangladesh the implementation of e-commerce is almost next to impossible as the organizations are not financially that much solvent. Lack of technical know-how: The e-commerce involves a high volume of technological use in the operational fields. The maintenance of the e-commerce systems is also the matter of high technological know-how oriented personnel involvement. But there is an unavailability of such personnel supply in Bangladesh. As it is not still a part of our traditional educational system, it will take a long time to fetch such intellectual personnel. Poor Infra-structure: If we try to implement the e-commerce in the every sphere of our day to day life, at first, we will have to develop the overall infra-structure of the country, ensure the education in the fullest sense. Other than the implementation of the e-commerce is not possible in Bangladesh. Lack of trust: In case of e-commerce, the payment of the goods is paid through credit card number or bank account number at first. Then the seller ensures the delivery of the goods or services to the buyer. But as per the context of Bangladesh, the buyer can hardly have the full faith on such types of advance payment system. So, this is also a constraint for e-commerce implementation in Bangladesh. Communication problem: The e-commerce depends on the communication process to some extent. But the communication system of Bangladesh is not that much advanced as the infrastructure of the communication system is poorly furnished. If a buyer purchases the products and waits for the physical delivery of that product it is influenced by the communication system. So, before implementing the e-commerce in Bangladesh, at first, we will have to concentrate on the development of the communication system. Digital divide gap: Bangladesh is a developing country. In this country the mass people have little access to the technological instruments rather than the poverty stricken problems. Some people here are using the modern amenities. But the majority can not have the minimum requirements. As a result, the physical divide is ever on the rise. Traditional education system: Our education system is still traditional. Here the aspects of e-commerce are hardly encouraged. The students of our country can barely research on it. So, the expansion or implementation of e-commerce seems to be impractical. Insufficient transport facilities: E-commerce commerce involves the physical transport while ensuring the physical delivery of the product. The transport facility in our country is still traditional and underdeveloped to some extent. So, we can not think of the implementation of e-commerce in our country to the date. Digital goods vs. Physical goods: E-commerce is feasible for the buying and selling of digital goods only. The features of the digital goods can be displayed in the e-commerce based websites. There is less option to test the physical goods before purchasing but in case of physical goods and the perishable goods, there is lots of scope for mismatch of the real goods and the goods displayed in the websites. So, the implementation of the e-commerce in our country totally depends on the trust of our people. Taxation: The implementation of e-commerce is encouraged in the aspect of Bangladesh but the govt. will be the ultimate repentant of the issue because the process of buying and selling of goods via internet involves lots of scope for tax escape. If e-commerce is implemented in Bangladesh the law regarding the issue is to be introduced first which is not possible over night. The govt. sector needs also to involve those personnel who have that much technical know-how to minimize the escapes. Limited market place: There is a very few people who have the access to the modern technologies and  amenities. They can hardly use internet frequently. Most of the people, here, can rarely use internet and e-commerce based websites. So, the e-commerce sector has limited market place. If e-commerce is implemented in Bangladesh, the limitations will be much more than the competitive advantages. Delivery after confirmation of payment: E-commerce emphasizes on the paid delivery. But in Bangladesh we people are not accustomed to this system. We want the products or goods to be delivered before the payment and the settlement. As a result, the psychology of our people does not support e-commerce system to some extent. We know the tradition of a nation cannot easily be transformed overnight. So, it is not feasible to implement e-commerce in a third world country like Bangladesh. Traditional payment systems: The payment system in our country is still traditional. The use of debit card or credit card or visa card is still relatively low. In fact, most of the people do not even understand the functionality of these payment methods. In this situation, the implementation of e-commerce is not only impractical but also making a castle in the air. M-commerce limitations: E-commerce is dependent on m-commerce to some extent. We cannot think of e-commerce without efficient m-commerce. But m-commerce is still not that much developed in our country. If we try to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh, at first, we will have to go for large screen mobile based m-commerce. Large screen based m-commerce can support e-commerce as the e-commerce based websites are of high resolution. But most of us cannot afford such type of large screen mobile like I-phone of Apple or HTC costing approximately 40000 taka. So, it is not feasible to think of implementing e-commerce in Bangladeshi perspective. Limited implementation of cyber law: In Bangladesh, there are law regarding the cyber crime but it is not sufficient to protect the cyber crime. Even, the provisions present, are not  thoroughly enforced. But the e-commerce system involves virtual transactions in various phases. These transactions involve high hacking risks as well. If we think about the implementation of e-commerce before introducing the proper provisions and without enforcing those provisions, it will not be that much fruitful. The parties associated with it will be in monetary risks and most of them will not get encouraged to go for e-commerce. Lack of entrepreneurship: As the e-commerce practices is of very recent times, the sector demands for new entrepreneurship. But there is no such encouraging institution in Bangladesh that can lead the new generation or new entrepreneurship to take initiative to march on this sector. Limited number of users: The e-commerce depends mostly on the proactive interaction of the buyer and the seller of the goods or services over the internet. But the number of internet user is still relatively low in our country. So, there is a question mark to the feasibility of implementing e-commerce in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The government can initiate pilot projects and programs for capability-building, training and e-commerce support services, such as Web design. In general, government initiatives should be in line with current efforts in the foregoing areas of concern. Coordination with development cooperation agencies is important to avoid any duplication of initiatives and efforts. But there are several reasons that can challenge the feasibility of the e-commerce implementation in Bangladesh. The challenges would really be hard nut to crack. The End