Sunday, March 31, 2019

Occupational Stress A Global Phenomenon Psychology Essay

occupational try out A Global Phenomenon Psychology EssayOccupational tensity is becoming increasingly a global phenomenon, modify all categories of dig up throughout the world. It has an enormous effect on the organizational behavior in a company. One side of the problem is that hear on the utilisation place threatens workers to suffer mental or bodily health problems, tho a nonher is that it send word affect the bottom line of a business. productivity can be boastfully affected by the level of underscore that the workers be experiencing. Be stupefy of its economical significance, organizations should be rattling relate about occupational direction, and should try to actively manage its levels. The goal of this research musical composition is to witness the relationship betwixt accentuate and strain work. Studies yield that around percentage point of occupational nisus is desirable and increases line of descent performance, but in very high levels it can have a devastating impact on persons tycoon to do his or her railway line. By examining sources of dialect, its effectuate, and how the soul copes with the extend experienced, the paper will try to determine a level of occupational judge that may be desirable by organizations. The paper will besides describe approaches that ar made by progressive organizations in fate employees manage filtrate levels better.Stress is increasingly recognized as iodine of the major causes of mental and physical sufferings of privates in the contemporary society. Although the term stress is being used by many mint, the scientific definition is non understood by most of them. Stress is a universal phenomenon affecting every living creature. It can be defined as a dynamic condition in which an somebody is confronted with an opportunity, a demand, or a resource related to what the individual desires and for which the outcome is both uncertain and important.1Stress on the workplace is most ly associated with a mismatch between the demands and the resources. Demands ar the responsibilities, obligations and pressures that an individual faces at work (high workloads, section overload, role conflict, time pressure). An individual makes use of all the available resources, such as social support, performance feedback, autonomy, in order to resolve a demand. If demands be greater than the resources available, stress occurs. merely stress doesnt necessarily have a negative effect. close to level of stress is a necessary part of our lives. The absence seizure of stress can be viewed as death. There is a substantial tote up of research on the stress performance relationship. Most of it concludes that it has an inverted U-shape.2This substance that some level of stress can actually improve job performance. These moderate levels of stress can be even healthy, because they increase our ability to react. This is viewed as good stress. But when the amount of stress experienc ed reaches some optimal point, job performance starts rapidly declining, leading to exhaustion and breakdown. later on this point the individual is not able to meet the job demands with the recourses available. This results show that managers should actively manage the levels of stress, because it is one of the most significant factors affecting performance.3The absence of such solicitude may lead to large economic losses. But if appropriate stress management is applied the U-shaped curve can be straightened, increasing the optimal point of stress, after which performance starts declining, and in this agency enhancing it.Now lets turn to the potential sources of stress. More generally they can be categorized in three groups environmental, organizational, and personal.4The environmental sources of stress ar technological, economical, and political. The technological uncertainty deals with the continuous innovation in technology and the softness of the individual to keep up and adapt to it. Economic sources of stress argon concerned with the changes in the business cycles and economic growth. Economic crisis is one of the biggest stressors for an individual, because when the economy is espial workers be not sure of their finances, whether they will be able to perch employed, and so forth Political instability is the third type of environmental sources of stress. It is comes from the unthought-of changes in the national and international politics.Stress can arise similarly from the organization itself. Working conditions can be a major stress source for the employees. People working in noisy, crowded, polluted, or dangerous conditions angle to be subject to more stress. Task demands are withal a potential source of occupational stress. They are connected to job characteristics. sickly designed tasks and task overload are possible stressors in an organization. share ambiguity and role overload are other sources of stress. They occur when the role is not clearly defined or understood, and when the role expectations are not matched with adequate time to be completed. Interpersonal pressures arising from other employees can cause stress on the workplace. Throughout its life a business undergoes antithetic cycles. Two of them, the birth and the decline of a firm, are connected with a great deal of uncertainty, and thus can be very disagreeable for the workers.Although this paper is concerned with occupational stress, the personal sources of stress should be in like manner included. A person experiencing high levels of stress outside the organization tends to be more vulnerable to stress inside it. Main personal factors are concerned with the family, social and economical status, and relationship with others.As there are very different sources of stress in an organization the consequences of stress are various. In general one can group the effects of job related stress as follows physiological, psychological, and behavioral.5The common thing is that all these effects directly influence important organizational performance variables, such as productivity, turnover, absenteeism, and motivation. Physiological and health related effects may result in high blood sugar, increased heart rate and blood pressure, or even heart attacks. Psychological symptoms of job related stress are depression, aggression, boredom, anxiety, and fatigue. On a behavioral level stress is the source of inability of making decisions, low concentration, or even alcohol and drug abuse.The organizational stress can have, in extreme cases, a distinct way in the form of the so called burnout. Burnout appears after prolonged action of nerve-racking factors and leads to emotional exhaustion, loss of interest in the job, sense of helplessness. The burnout is a long effect of occupational stress, which appears in highly bureaucratic organizations in which the individual feels that he cannot change anything. It is the result of no active manag ement of the stress levels in an organization. In terms of organizational performance variables it leads to lower job satisfaction and productivity.6But the above consequences are not the only primer coat that occupational stress should be considered by managers. It also has a large economic significance in terms of be for the organization. Some of them are accumulated costs from decreased productivity, higher replacement costs overdue to turnover, and increase in the sick-pay. The problem is that it is almost impossible to calculate these costs and directly account them as induced by occupational stress. This is probably why not many companies are actively managing its levels in the organization. either these negative effects of occupational stress show the need of stress management strategies in the company. The variety of techniques to deal with stress can in general be categorized into two basic approaches individual and organizational. The individual strategies are those that can be used by employees in order to dishonor or eliminate stress. Organizational approaches, in turn, are programs and techniques that organizations implement to successfully manage the stress levels in a company. Despite such specialty of management strategies, it should be clear that employees and management must take pin responsibility for the prevention of stress and eliminate its harmful effects. This mutual shape is the underlying effective technology for dealing with stress. It is important to note that in dealing with stress, managers should consider the individual personality traits of their employees. Overall the difference between people concerning stress can be expressed by the innovation of the so called stress threshold. It is a subjective characteristic that describes the threshold of esthesia to different stressors. Individuals have different internal resources to cope with stressful situations. door stress depends primarily on the following personality factors temperament, self-experience, individual differences, etc.As each individual experiences stress and responds to stressors differently, appropriate stress management technique should be applied. Owen Moran, a health educator at Concordia University (Canada), has develop a 5-step framework that can help individuals in coping with stress.7The steps are as followsStep 1 Identify if a person is stressedStep 2 Identify the stressor(s)Step 3 look out the reason for this stressorsStep 4 Select and apply an appropriate stress management strategyStep 5 Evaluate the resultsThe most known individual stress management strategies are designed to improve the physical condition of the person. These physical techniques include stretching exercises, breathing exercises, meditation. Diets also can help people in handling stress. By avoiding alcohol, tobacco, caffeine people are reducing their vulnerability to stressors. In addition to these factors rest is also very important.Other individ ual strategies for coping with stress include phylogenesis of skills for more efficient working methods. Time management techniques for example are an effective method of dealing with stress due to overload or inefficiency in the workplace. Handling job-related problems by planning, budgeting, and proper time allocation is very helpful. These strategies depend largely on the commitment of the individual and his willingness to apply them regularly. confirmatory thinking is another behavioral technique.

Deregulation And Globalization in the Banking Sector

De formula And Globalization in the swaning SectorGlobalization refers to the routine by which economies, cultures and societies integrate through globular networks much(prenominal) as communication, c everywhere and transportation. Economic globalisation is the most famous form of globalization. Economic globalization refers to the integration of regional and interior(a) economies into a common inter field rescue by engaging in trade, spread of technology, migration and direct overseas inducement. In the economic sense, globalization refers to the elimination or removal of barriers on the national borders with the aim of facilitating smooth course of goods, services, gravid and labor (Agdish, pg 101).Globalization leads to emergence of global monetary foodstuffs and access to external funding. The global recession of 2007-2010 is an utilization of fiscal inst tycoon occasioned by globalization. The industrial production blossoms collect to globalization that makes i t executable for economies to access to hostile products with particular reference to the movement of goods and materials across national borders. Deregulation on the another(prenominal) hand refers to the elimination of government regulation or rules that hinder complimentary operation of the market forces (Velde, pg 85). It means confine government take hold on the trade and business processes thus promoting free trade. Globalization and deregulation save an strike on the optimal edge of monetary institutions in Turkey such as Finans Bank, Dexia, Ak stick Turam Alem Bank, EFG Euro bank and NBG. This paper senior high schoollights the effects of deregulation and globalization in the banking and pecuniary field and its impact on the optimal boundaries of companies and firms in the monetary area.Deregulation and globalization ar some of the external grammatical constituents that encourage and promote consolidation in the fiscal services area thus affecting the op timal boundaries of firms in fiscal and banking celestial sphere in Turkey. The need to recapitalize financially in challenged institutions is the driving factor of consolidation. Deregulation and globalization leads to rise in competitive trade that promotes restructuring in the financial sector services as a strategic response. Turkeys banking and financial sector has its own experience of effects of globalization and the effects of deregulation on the optimal boundary of firms in these sectors. The free market forces or the pull and push factors encourage entree of distant banks in the master of ceremonies nations financial market. The low level of competition, the potential of accessing impertinently markets in the phalanx countries especially in developing countries is every bit responsible for the origination of unlike banks (Velde, pg 87).There are benefits and costs of entry of a foreign bank in the financial and banking sector of the host nation. The benefits emba rrass bringing new technology, financial support for needy banks and new techniques of risk management. Other benefits include the continuation of lending to economies experiencing shocks that have potential of adversely affecting the banking sector and cushion the financial capital that may leave or scarper the nation during crisis. The entry of foreign banks tends to rising slope the quality and performance of in corporeald governance thus enhancing efficiency of the host nations banks hence stabilizing the economy. However, the entry of foreign banks and financial institutions carry with them certain risks such as blackball shocks leading to instability thus weakening the local banking sector and the reverse by such foreign banks to provide financial assistance in times of crisis. The regulations in host nations many a times do not control the activities and operations of foreign banks (Pascual, pg 44).Turkey experiences maturation in the entry of foreign banks into the cou ntry due globalization and deregulation that guide such financial institutions. The host countries such as Turkey clear deregulation and entry of foreign banks as a solution of resolving the problem of high levels of debt. The urge to boost international trade and rectify technology in a bid to modernize the local banking sector informs the decision by countries such as Turkey to pursue deregistration as a method of enhancing trade. The host country, which is Turkey, hopes that entry of foreign banks may needle savings and widen the service and product purse.After financial crisis countries try to clear foreign investment from banks that may be able to take returns of the low prices in the host nations market. The concept of foreign banking is informed by the fact the banks enjoy the information and contacts with the manufacturing firms in the host nation at a lower cost. The removal of regulations and effects of globalization makes it easier for a foreign bank to enter in t he host country (Velde, pg 88).The financial crisis of 2000-2001 resulted in restructuring of the banking sector in Turkey that really affected the optimal boundaries of firms in the banking and financial sector. This financial crisis provoked the worry of foreign banks to take over the local Turkish banks at a cheaper price. During the crisis, the foreign banks engaged in mergers and acquisitions that gaind their partake by 0.66 percent. The Shares of the foreign banks have carryd to increase because they purchased through the stock exchange. The ingathering of EU banking corpse has been a move factor for consolidation of banks. The American banking system led to big financial institutions, as JP Morgans Chase that took over Bank One. These big American institutions have reached their optimal level in America and are currently desire opportunities in foreign countries like Turkey that have high growth potential(Caprio ,pg 96).The participation of foreign banks in the privat ization process and in Turkey is possible to increase in the future and equally increase the foreign share in the local or domestic market. The foreign banks focus on local banks that provide home and consumer credits besides serving the corporate clients. For example, the Finans Bank was able to attract National Bank of Greece due the high quality of its retail products that includes consumer loans, checks, insurance and car loans. Dexia purchased the Denizbank to ameliorate its customer base that grew to 1.4 million customers in Turkey. The Citigroup too bought 20 percent equity interest in the Akbank to strengthen is hold and position in Turkey. These firms were able to improve their optimal boundaries due to globalization and deregulation. The push factor for some of these foreign firms now operating in Turkey was the low level of favourableness in their home countries. These banks equally moved in to Turkey in order to diversify their operations and client base (Agdish, pg 10 2).The urge to boost international trade and subsequent investment inform the decision by some banks to expand abroad. For example, the entry of Greece firms in Turkey was to invest in certain sectors such as tourism, navigation and industry. The small size of banking sector in Greece makes their banks to expand into countries such as Turkey .The ING bank for example occurs with its activities of leasing and involvement in the insurance sector charm Sekerbank continue to invest in the agriculture, construction and tourism sectors following its financial deal with Bank Turam Alem. EFG Euro bank and NBG have interest in clients dealing with commercial and industrial enterprises (Agdish, pg 103).There are effects of deregulation and globalization on financial institutions and banks in Turkey and this affects the optimal boundary firms in these sectors compulsively or negatively. The level and degree of effect on financial institutions vary depending on the nature and size of their a ssets, the level of risk aversion, government support and their ability to manage the changing financial environment. Some banks benefitted from such financial conditions while others continue to experience adverse effects. Structural changes in the banking sector are some of the results of entry of foreign banks in the Turkish financial sector as they influence credit analysis, operational and financial planning, human capital and marketing (Ali, pg 56).The financial market in Turkey improved with the entry of foreign banks thus making the domestic banks to withstand the financial crisis. The resist of interest rates, technological transfer, improvement in risk management and transparentness are some of the benefits of entry of foreign banks to the optimal boundary of banks such as Turam Alem Bank, EFG Euro bank and NBG. The services offered in the banking sector have continue to increase in variety such as the internet banking and other financial instruments, efficiency increase s with the entry of foreign banks into Turkey due to increase in the use of computer technology and less man power. These foreign banks facilitate the entry of foreign capital in Turkey and continue to fund large-scale projects due to their relationship and link to the global financial markets (Ali, pg 57).In conclusion, it is important to note that deregulation results in free flow of goods, capital and services without any manner of interference or control by the government except in cases where the firms engage in dishonest activity. Deregulation is a key feature of free market economy and has direct impact on the optimal boundary of firms in the banking and financial sector in Turkey .Globalization leads to minimal national border barriers this affects the optimal boundary of banking and financial firms in Turkey , which increases competition and easy enrapture into new markets. Stock exchange is one of the common features of free market concept since foreign banks are able to engage in business with their local and domestic counterparts through trading on the stock exchange. It is equally important to note that globalization and deregulation can have positive or negative impact on the performance of the financial and banking system depending on the strategies and strengths of firms. The entry of foreign banks into Turkeys banking sector resulted into restructuring of the financial sector due to the transfer of information and technology.

Saturday, March 30, 2019

Porters Five Forces Analysed The External Environment Industry Marketing Essay

Porters quintuple Forces Analysed The External milieu Industry Marketing EssayAmong the disagreeent choices, orchard apple tree has chosen the differentiation focus st commitgy in the broad manufacturing. The invention and development of products by orchard apple tree argon its gamyly unique attributes, with devices much(prenominal) as the iPhone, iPod and iPad where the consumption touch screen and other interfaces to operate the products. apple spends billions of dollars any form on RD (Research and Development) to develop and promote its products in invest to achieve splendid quality over competitors products. Apple slogan is Think Different, which drives them to innovate and reserve high quality regarding their products. Apples markets are global, but they are focusing on active markets such as America, the EU and about Asian countries. However, Apple focuses on a market segment where customers clearly feel that Apple provides value for its customers. In addition, Apple had a positive growth rate during the economic crisis of 2007-2009 (Business week, 2010). Apples premium worth strategy and its success have lead a signifi suffert barrier to competitors such as Nokia, Motorola, HTC and the E-book by Sony.Porters Five Forces AnalysisPorters Five Forces analysed the external environment of the industry in order to give a mend understanding of the strengths and weaknesses within the organisation. These analyses give the caller the ability to identify the opportunities and menaces from external factors (Harrison, 2003). These forces includeThreat of new entrantsFor each(prenominal) of its product lines, Apple, like any other company, faces rigorous competition. This high tech industry requires continual research and development (RD). This sector is difficult for new companies to memorialize because new entrants must spend a large amount of bully on RD and on the advertising and promotion of their brand. There are some dominant producers in this sector such as Apple, Microsoft, Dell and Sony, who component the studyity of the market. Apple should be aware of new entrants because they may arise up with surprisingly better technology or a better product. However, these new entrants are less of a threat because it is difficult to put in and penetrate the market in a limited time (Harrison, 2003). effect of the supplierPorters trice force states that the bargaining power of suppliers imposes a threat to any company. It also includes, the availability of substitute suppliers which is an beta factor in determining the power of the supplier. Suppliers are kn induce as third parties in this industry, and they are classified in two hosts. The first group makes the major parts for the products. This group is not strong because of the availability and easy of surrogate the items they make, such as batteries, wire connections, screens and other internal components. In contrast, the second group provides accurate parts a nd important programmes such as flash-memory and DRAM. This group is strong because of their specialized and advanced products, as well as the pretermit of alternative products (Nistor, 2010). There are some suppliers who dominate the market for example, Intel, Microsoft and Sony. So, it is important for Apple to have a good relationship with its suppliers.Power of the emptorThe buyers bargaining power is very high in the industry because competitors laissez passer a wide range of exchangeable products with competitive worths. The Apple company faces a moderate threat from buyers because they have a lot of products that consumers can choose from. In addition, the threat of buyers comes from their demand for new features in Apple products. However, there are a large number of companies that offer similar products and there is quite a big differentiation in equipment casualty and performance. Therefore, loyalty is often shown towards a specific brand because there are not many differences in the quality and price between brands (Nistor, 2010). Buyers are often more sensitive to brand rather than price. Apples customers are individuals, grooming departments, enterprises, governments and creative customers. So, the variety of consumers and their needs has a direct impact on Apples future strategies.Threat of substitutesThe technological environment is changing fast every day. There are not many substitutes in this industry because of the high-tech features. However, alternatives are always available from competitors. If some other company such as BlackBerry, Google, Samsung or Microsoft come up with new technology or the same kind of phone at a lower price or with more features at the same price, then this is a enigma for Apple (O Grady, 2009). Customers usually tend to look to the latest technology sooner of traditional methods. Apple has the ability and efficiently to design and develop its own hardware and application software to become unique and dis tinct from its competitors. combative rivalryThe competition in this industry is very high, almost in all areas of business, because of the continuing requirement to provide new products all the time. hawkish prices, new products, design innovations and technology are the main factors that Apple has to struggle with other international companies on, such as IBM, HP, Acer and Dell. The consumers choices also differ some prefer to save some cash rather obtain high performance specification technology and some prefer the newest technology. So, the go is that companies implement different strategies for example, low-cost and best-cost strategies. Some manufacturers offer products at the final price in an attempt to cut their costs by ignoring everything just some basic features. Some other companies in the middle price range, such as Dell and HP, focus on attracting customers by oblation varying prices. And the top of the range companies, like Apple, gain customers through their high quality products, features and innovative design, which makes their products popular all over the world (O Grady, 2009).APPENDICESPorters generic Strategy modelPorters Five Forces model

Friday, March 29, 2019

Analyzing Mass Media And Popular Culture English Language Essay

Analyzing Mass Media And Popular gloss English language Essay info Workshop 1Analyzing Mass Media and Popular Culture Theories of Celebrity GossipAlthough m for each one tramp dismiss famous person communicates such(prenominal) as www.perezhilton.com and www.wwtdd.com as frivolous and designate, the popularity and prevalence of these websites charter a gigantic loving impact on our world to twenty-four hour period. For this information Workshop, you will be analyzing entries in a distinction blog, using one of the three major social paradigms.Step 1 Collecting DataChoose a celebrity blog and pick five entries. Scrutinize the pictures, read the headlines and schoolbook cargonfully, and review the reader comments.Step 2 Thinking about and Analyzing the DataFor the five entries that you have a bun in the oven selected, answer the following questions from each of sociologys three major theoretical perspectives. Later, use your data-collection form to write a one summon essay summarizing the differences in the theories and their value as a sociological analyst. discriminate what you observed to what the textbook says in Ch 1.DATA-COLLECTION FORM FOR THEORIES OF CELEBRITY GOSSIPData Workshop 11. Structural Functionalist possible actionWhat is the function (or functions) of celebrity talk blogs for union? What purpose(s) do they serve, and how do they help parliamentary law maintain stableness and order? Do celebrity blabber blogs have manifest and possible functions? Are any dysfunctions built into such issuances?2. Social Conflict TheoryWhat forms of dissimilarity atomic number 18 revealed in celebrity dress down blogs? In component particular, what do celebrity gossip blogs have to say about gender, race, and correct inequalities? Who suffers and who benefits from the publication of celebrity gossip blogs?3. Symbolic Interactionist TheoryWhat do celebrity gossip blogs mean to confederation as a whole? What do they mean to individual members of order?Can they have distinct meanings for unalike individuals or groups of individuals? How do those meanings get constructed in interaction? And how do celebrity gossip blogs process and influence our all(prenominal)day lives?-1Kim Kardashian is good at twitter53166_kim_kardashian_at_photoshoot_twitpics_01_123_391loKim Kardashian doesnt genuinely do anything of course, scarcely before this our famous celebrities who didnt re ever soyy do anything were fug whores handle Paris Hilton and Nicole Richie. Remember that? What the hell was that all about? So at least Kim is hot, and goes onher twitterand posts pics of her kick ass rack. The entirely direction to get even more intimate pictures of Kim is to be benighted.CommentsTalked ab poop. verbalise she isnt preggo, hated on blk ppl-2Rihanna got a new haircutRihannaBy all accounts Rihanna (seen here(predicate) last night at a Clippers game in LA) is a perfectly nice woman and everyone seems to akin and shes a good singer, further very obviously her new bang haircut sucks. If this wereAmerican Idol, these pictures would be turn into a montage with that So You Had a Bad Day outcry playing over it.Comments talk ab it being fake, a wigging3Gwyneth Paltrow has advice for new(prenominal) work moms56852284I know some tribe who have worked with Gwyneth Paltrow and they say shes delightful but that seems impossible to believe. Because shes a free cunt, delusional and arrogant beyond all comprehension.The latest proofon her website GOOP, Paltrow, who is worth 90 million dollars and got married in a castle, has advice for new(prenominal) extremely busy working mothers. Yes that said other. Because thats what she considers herself. And just like all working moms, after she drops her kids at schoolDid dance aerobics for 45 minutes then all of the butt lifts and the like. Rushed upstairs to have a shower, doing my post workout stretch bandage the conditioner was doing its magic on my hair t o combine activities/save time. Dressed quickly and rushed downstairs.Her day is essentially filled with stuff like that. The stuff that real working moms do when non at work or being a mom. The stuff they have to squeeze into one hour on the spend is Paltrows entire life, but shes here to tell them how to do it. Because they dont know. They need tips from Gwyneth Paltrow.Im candidly shocked that she isnt punched in the face at least once every time she leaves the house.4Kate Beckinsale is in a bikiniSPL240191_003Kate Beckinsale is down in Mexico this weekend, and unlike the hags at the lucky Globes she steped fantastic in this bikini, and I say thats the same place where Jennifer Aniston is always going. I can see wherefore she likes it. Its basically a rock and theres lots of empty space. Just like her womb.5Eva Longoria at the Golden GlobesEva LongoriaEva Longoria at least tried to look sexy for last nights Golden Globe awards, but her depressing tits are useless and so it didnt work.This is one of the most boring and unsexy periods I can ever think of in Hollywood. No one ever wears anything good, and most of the big stars are either not pretty or not pretty anymore. About the most positive thing I can say is that theres room for improvement everywhere. You could find hotter girls putting ads on craiglist asking for you to come rape them.____________________________________________________________________________________1.What is the function (or functions) of celebrity gossip blogs for bon ton? To make fun of people, to show off the latest/ or not so latest trends, to bed cover gossip/infoWhat purpose(s) do they serve, and how do they help society maintain stability and order? They serve as entertainment purpose/news/ way to spread info- help society maintain order by letting ppl know what is in/not in what to do/not do-Do celebrity gossip blogs have manifest and latent functions? Find something from bookPos effect on society-possibly could help s pread trends/ show who is/isnt constituent modelsAre any dysfunctions built into such publications? Bad-neg impinge on, more so thatn manifest latent, gossip is bad- demeaning to persons self confidence- shows bad employment models- more mature content2. What forms of inequality are revealed in celebrity gossip blogs? First one talks ab her obsession with blk ppl, ( only blk can see more pics)-what celebritys have that most common ppl can not do/ or afford to haveIn particular, what do celebrity gossip blogs have to say about gender, race, and class inequalities? Blk ppl thing- class the mother pop out, females- sexy hot whoresWho suffers and who benefits from the publication of celebrity gossip blogs?everyone suffers from these blogs, the ppl who are wrote ab suffer bc it degrades self image, children suffer from bad role modelsBenefit- writer bc so many read them, if decent blog then the readers celebrities could benefit3. What do celebrity gossip blogs mean to society as a whole? Past time- way to spread info- teach what is not cool/coolWhat do they mean to individual members of society? Back to the benefit/suffer partKids are hurt by this, adults are humored by this, celebrity can be degraded by thisCan they have different meanings for different individuals or groups of individuals? Yes they doHow do those meanings get constructed in interaction?And how do celebrity gossip blogs regulate and influence our everyday lives?back to 1Info from bookPg 11- theoretical come on roadmaps that connect basic image of society with researchStructional operating(a) approach- repeat behavior that affects the viewers pg 12Pg 12- this approach was to keep ppl incorporatedPg 12- social dysfunctionsocial pattern that disturbsPg 13- social date inequality building up over timeTheoretical Perspectives in BlogsFrom analyzing celebrity blogs we can learn a lot more than the latest gossip. The celebrity blogs provide great insight in the differences mingled with sociol ogys three major theoretical perspectives. The celebrity blog that I reviewed had great examples of the structural functionalist possibility, social conflict theory, and the symbolic internationalist theory that compared nicely to the books definition of each, but still had some different points.First I examined how the structural functionalist theory appeared in the blog. As known by the definition given by the text book the structural functionalist theory is a theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work unitedly to promote solidarity and stability (page 11). One of the major differences I noticed between how the blog portrayed this theory from how the book described this theory is the stability. I did not notice any of the different blog entries or any of the celebrities that appeared in the blog entries to work together to provide stability in todays society, if anything I noticed the celebrities all behaving in different manners that frantic the stability of the blog. While the book describes social structure as ..gives our lives shape in families, the work place, or the college classroom, ( page 12). A similarity I noticed was how the book explained how manifest and latent functions are a part of the structural-functional approach, and you could see each function within the blog. Manifest functions could be recognize from the comments to each of the blogs, the readers adjusted their thoughts and actions based on the blogs that they read.Secondly, the social conflict theory appeared at heart the blog and the book. By definition the social conflict approach is sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change. (page 13) Overall end-to-end each blog I examined I saw let go ofs of race, sex, and social classes. The blog that discussed Kim Kardashian was full of issues of race and sex from the main picture to the response. Her risqu picture provided conflict for the other women viewers who saw it, but the males tended to enjoy it more. too an issue of race was brought up when the writer of the blog mentioned that you have to be black to get more pictures of Kim. A quote like this could create an issue between all races who read the comment.Thirdly, the symbolic interaction theory that is delineate as society as the product of the everyday interactions of individuals. ( page 15) appears inside the blogs entries. The blog gives viewers the opportunity to express their feelings and allow them to interact with others. Also the blog purpose of a blog is to collect data and destine it to followers, this data can be gossip, news, latest trends, or basically anything. just about of the information can play a positive or veto affect based on the type of reader. The book mentions two different levels of symbolic-interaction, macro-level and micro-level, while the blog provides a great example of each. From the macro-level observing from a helicopter level, you can see the broad focus of the b log is celebrities different styles. The micro, or street level focus, you can see how their different styles affect the followers.Each of the three theories, structural-functionalist, social-conflict, and symbolic interaction have the same death in mind of analyzing how a particular item affects a society, while each theory has its own specific areas. I believe that each theory builds on each other to provide a in-depth analysis, showtime from how things work together, to conflicts that arise, even down to how everyday interactions.( The blog I utilise was from www.wwtdd.com. The five blogs I chose were Kate Beckinsale is in a bikini Jan. 17, Eva Longoria at the Golden Globes Jan. 17, Kim Kardashian is good at twitter Jan. 14, Rhianna got a new haircut Jan. 13 and Gwyneth Paltrow has advices for other working moms Jan. 13.

Structural Biology in Pharmaceutical Research

geomorphological Biology in Pharmaceutical ResearchINTRODUCTIONMolecular biota plays a severalise usage and contri preciselyes a lot in come across out the 3D organise of a molecule be it proteins, nucleotides or whatever other biological macromolecule. It also wait ons in finding the rump sites when it comes to do drugs designing. Many structural biology proficiencys ar employ in the case of pharmaceutical research. These in the first place include roentgen ray cryst alto exciteherography and NMR Spectroscopy. However, structural biology also includes the help of bioinformatics.Structure based drug design plays a study role when it comes to pharmaceutical research and also it has advanced a lot over the years. The remarkable discovery of peptidomimetics and nonpeptides proves this. This was through with(p) apply proficiencys comparable X ray crystallizationlography and NMR spectroscopy as well as other computer based methods. One of the widely apply tools in str uctural biology is roentgen ray crystallography. This is used to determine the atomic as well as the molecular organise of a crystal where the crystalised atoms cause diffraction of roentgenograms in many specific directions. It is a form of luxuriously resolution microscopy. Using this proficiency, visualizing protein structures at the atomic level becomes easier and helps in rationality its functions. It also gives teaching about how proteins react with other molecules and undergo counterchanges in their conformation. As well as the process of catalysis with love to enzymes. all in all this knowledge is necessary for designing drugs which atomic number 18 meant to invest specific sites or argon used for industrial processes. vitreous silicalography, being the most widely used technique may non be happy at all times. With this, NMR comes to the rescue. It helps in elucidating 3D structures of target ligand complexes.With advances in genome sequencing, protein expressi ons, crystallography and NMR these pick out helped in using protein 3D structure for fast discovery of drugs. The role of structural biology and bioinformatics in this is that they help in the manufacturing of drugs that ar target specific and well optimized. Also, due to the decisiveness of structure, fragment binding becomes assertable.For a drug to work efficiently, it needs to bind to the specific site or the target proteins. Using computer for this is a very good technique which finds and optimizes target proteins that are required. For a substance to bind a target it has be extremely specific same a lock and a key. structural biology methods and molecular modeling are tools that are used in the developments of such molecules. In the process of drug discovery, computational alchemy proves to be a tool of great help. After the molecule has binded to the want molecule and the binding properties are known, the suitability of the compound great deal be improved using the c omputer. The drugs binding affinity undersurface be calculated digitally using the computer. Also, using these methods it is also possible to calculate if the changes in the structure would go bad to any undesirable or toxic properties.These methods save a lot of time as compared to laboratory work especially in the early stages of drug designing. Due to this, an adjoin in the success rates foot be observed.Fig 1 Drug Discovery ProcessCourtesy http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1609333/figure/fig1/X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHYIn order to determine the precise molecular structure of the target protein, roentgen ray structure analysis is used. In this, the crystal lattice structure of the protein diffracts the roentgenogram beam in a typical way. The diffraction pattern can be analyzed and due to this, the density of electrons can be read which are present in the parts of the target protein. This in turn, helps in determination of the position of the atoms. Several repetition of this process and refining the image is done till the researchers obtain a 3D structure of the target molecule. function on X-ray crystallography in drug discovery has been present since a long time where 30 years ago the 1st trinity dimensional structure of proteins were determined. However, not all the pharmaceutical companies resort to this technique as it is considered time consuming and too expensive. A total change in drug design has occurred in the past years, thus using 3D structures in the designing processes. For structure that were not available with X-ray crystallography, other methods were used which included comparative models based on homologues.Crystal structures of key drug targets are now available like assist drugs such as A agentrase and Viracept were developed using the crystal structure of HIV protease and the influenza drug Relenza was designed using the crystal structure of neuraminidase.Drugs originating from structure based design start entered clinic tr ials and some of them select even been marketed as drugs now.Knowing the protein structure is a key destiny in the process of drug design. It is used in devolve optimisation which is a process that revolves around the usage of structure for guiding chemic modification of the molecule of lead for giving the perfect fit with respect to shape, bonds and other interactions. Protein structure is also used in target excerption this involves homology comprehension but with the recent advances in structural genomics this has become easier. X-ray crystallography is also used in the direct screening of chemical fragments.Astex engine room has developed Pyramid, where fragment libraries are screened in cocktails using X-ray crystallography. Fragment hits that are derived from Pyramid are optimized in order to swan good ligand efficiency.NMRNMR spectroscopy was the first structural technique to be made full use in fragment screening. intention Immobilized NMR Screening (TINS)Usage of N MR spectroscopy on targets that are immobilized helps in binding of small molecules. A process called as commit Immobilized NMR Screening (TINS) has ennumerable advantages one of them being that a minimum measurement of the non isotopically labeled protein is needed. This method helps in binding in the range of KD value of 100nM to 20mM. If the reference protein is selected carefully, the number of false positive hits that one may get can be avoided. Due to this, maximum valid hits are ensured. These hits can be treated with biological assays. A intermixture of soluble proteins as well as membrane proteins have been screened. The combination of target immobilisation and small screening of fragments using NMR proves to be of immense help in Early Drug discovery.STEPS IN DRUG denudation PROCESSTARGET IDENTIFICATION FROM SEQUENCE STRUCTURE HOMOLOGY RECOGNITONStructural bioinformatics is a backbone for the identification of bran-new members of supefamilies. Protein structures impa rt a major(ip) information about the families and super families. The proteins that have evolved would be having some common structures or features that they would be exhibiting thus leading to the importance of homology recognition. An example of this was the recognition of HIV proteinase which belonged to be a member of the pepsin/renin superfamily. Recognition of yon homologues can be done using methods like ecological succession-structure matching that are classified as profile methods or threading. Profile methods involve the sequence comparison algorithms using traditional methods. Computer programs like FUGUE financial aid in this and helps in the recognition of homologues.Another method used is Threading which fits a probe sequence and evaluates compatibility between the sequenced and the structure that is proposed. This method is powerful for pot recognition. Example of a computer based program is GenTHREADER. After the homologue of the structure is known and identifies , it can be modeled using a variety of procedures. Although structural bioinformatics is helpful, it is necessary to have an accurate experimental structure.Target substantiation and the identification of ligand binding regionsStructures defined by structural genomics programs are mainly of proteins that do not have a known function but they have been identified as proteins only on the basis of their gene sequences. Hence, the need for the development of computerized based methods arises which would identify sites which are involved in the interactions. PROSITE, a sequence motif database identifies the specific residues that have functions. Several attempts have been made to predict the interaction sites using computerized based methods either by identifying high-energy conformations or identifying clefts that can accommodate ligands.LEAD DISCOVERYThe property of a target is based on the number of drug like ligands for a target class. Classification of the targets into families ha s helped in designing compound libraries for cross families. Screening of a small fragments or molecule is needed and this can be done using biophysical assays.Ligand docking is a method that helps to find the best binding position and orientation. The best docking programmes are successful in dockin 70-80% of ligands in the ligand-protein complexes. A major drawback of this method is that there are difficulties in predicting affinities of different compounds.CONCLUSIONKnowledge of the three-dimensional structures of protein targets plays a major role in all stages of drug discovery. Its place in lead optimization is well established with large teams of structural biologists recruited into all major pharmaceutical companies. The success of the method is evident from drugs in use and new ones reaching the market.But structural biology and bioinformatics show that many key targets for drug discovery are multidomain and multiprotein complexes. Such systems pose significant challenges not only for characterization using structural techniques but also because the inter-protein surfaces are usually poor in distinguishing features.BIBLIOGRAPHYRESEARCH PAPERSBlundell, T., Sibanda, B., Montalvao, R.W., Brewerton, S., Chelliah, V., Worth, C., Harmer, N., Davies, O.,1 and Burke D(2006) Structural biology and bioinformatics in drug design opportunities and challenges for target identification and lead discovery. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 361(1467) 413423.Congreve, M., Murray CW., and Blundell T(2005) Structural biology and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today. 2005 Jul 110(13)895-907.BOOKStructural Genomics and High Throughput Structural Biology(2006)edited by Michael Sundstrom, Martin Norin, Aled Edwards.WEBSITEhttp//www.pharmaceutical-business-review.com/suppliers/zobio/products/nmr-based-structural-biologyhttp//www.bayerpharma.com/en/research-and-development/technologies/research-technologies/computational-chemistry-structural-biology/index.php

Thursday, March 28, 2019

Comparing And Contrasting Christianity And Buddhism :: Comparison Religion Christian Essays

Comparing And contrastive Christianity And Buddhism Christianity and Buddhism atomic number 18 different religions, yetcompare and contrast greatly. Though founded at differentperiods of time, Christianity and Buddhism have shapedcultures and have had a great lure on people allaround the world with origins, customs and beliefs.Siddhartha Gautama was innate(p) just to the highest degree 563 B.C. He left hiswealthy sprightlinessstyle when he was about 29 to seek wisdom.For years, he found not wisdom except only pain. Aftermeditating for several days under a tree, nirvanafinally came to him. He would now be known as theBuddha or enlightened one. Buddha and rescuer, thefounder of Christianity, are alike and different in umpteenways. the Nazarene of Nazareth was born about A. D 6. Heclaimed to be the word of honor of God, but was disliked by thosewho practiced other religions. When he was about 33years old, Jesus was tried and prosecuted for heresy. Hewas then sentenced to be cr ucified. After his death, Paulcontinued to spread Christianity throughout the world.More than a thousand years later, it became one of themost widely known practices in the world, just asBuddhism has. Christians and Buddhists have their owncustoms and beliefs. Followers of Christianity are to lovethy Lord first and love thy neighbor as thyself. Jesus gainedlarge crowds and followers by performing miracles. SinceChristians are only to idolization the Lord, they aremonotheist. Buddhism, however is quite different. Buddhataught his followers the Four Noble Truths, the master(prenominal) ideasof seeking enlightenment. In addition to seekingenlightenment, people could reach nirvana, or a releasefrom pain and suffering. Buddha taught all his followers to palm all other living things with love and respect.Throughout both their lives, Jesus and Buddha spread theteachings they taught, Christianity and Buddhism. After theresurrection of Jesus after his death in A. D 33, thedisciples began t o spread the word about Jesus. Paul, oneof the disciples of Jesus, spent the rest of his life preachingand spreading Christianity to Jews and non-Jews alike. Justlike Jesus, Buddha spread his teachings throughout his life.

Antigone (creon As The Tragic :: essays research papers

Creon as the Tragic Hero In Antigone write by Sophocles, Creon is the tragical hero. Creon is the tragic hero because of his error in judgement, fractious fashion of ruling Thebes, his change, and all the tragedy brought on by his actions. Although Creon changed tho when acourier told him there would be a tragic endpoint because of all his actions, he did try to correct what he had done.Creon ordered that Polyneices proboscis be left out to be eaten by vultures andwhile dogs because Polyneices rebelled against his brother Esteocles decree in Thebes. In this incident, both Polyneices and Esteocles (the ruler of Thebes) were killed. Creons stubborn way of ruling influenced everything that occurred because of him giving Esteocles a bollock burial and leaving Polyneices carcass out to be eaten. Antigone, the sister of Polyneices and Esteocles, thought it was wrong that Esteocles had a formal burial and Polyneices was left out to be eaten by grand dogs and vultures. Antigone whence decided it was her duty to bury Polyneices, so she disobeyed Creons decree and cover Polyneices body with dirt and wine. Unfortunately, Antigone was caught in the act of burying Polyneices so, Creon sentenced her (his own male childs finance) to be put into a stone vault, to die of starvation and for Polyneices body to be uncovered. Then a messenger came and told Creon that there would be a tragic ending because of his error in judgement. Creon then quickly ordered Antigone to be freed and Polyneices to be buried, but he was too late. In the meantime, a messenger told Eurydice (Creons married woman) that her son Haimon was dead and that his death was caused by Creons actions. Eurydice killed herself because the son she loved mostwas dead. In the meantime, Creon discovered that Polyneices body had been eaten by vultures and wild dogs so he quickly went to the vault Antigone was put in. WhenCreon arrived at the vault, he found Antigone had hung herself with her wedding dressan d his son Haimon had killed himself because of the death of Antigone. Creon returned home to tell his wife Eurydice of all the tragedy caused by his own error in judgement, lone(prenominal) to find Eurydice dead too.

Wednesday, March 27, 2019

Ku Klux Klan :: essays papers

Ku Klux KlanTo my dear parents,I regret to inform you that by the quantify you are reading this I will open begun my journey west. time engender grown harsh I can no eternal bear to live in the shadows of this familys actions. As I defe straye grown, it has become more difficult for me to deny the actions of daddy and uncle Wesley. While you have d i everything you can to raise me in your image, your actions outside of our house have made that impossible. You have imposed your views of racial abhorrence and prejudice on me for long enough. Now that I am sixteen I am able to see what you really are scared to lose your pedigree to a colored man who would work twice as thorny as you for half the money. The day will come when your actions will issue to haunt you. As years pass you will realize that your hatred for an loose race has cost you what could have been a beautiful race with your only son. Word of the klans latest hate crime has reached me, and I can only assu me your involvement. I consider all these events nasty random acts of idolise and hatred but this one especially perturbed me. plurality wont respond to your weak attempts at instilling fear in them. You burn a cross you kill a cat while its wrong I can live with it, however when you regulate to end the life of a nonher person over a unpolluted four acres of land I can not domiciliate by and say zip. While the elderly coupled you brutally massacred was nothing but two useless defiant niggers to you, they were friends to me. They were the family that you could never be. They cared about me and did not force me into their beliefs. Everyday while you forced me to slave away my childhood in the grocery store to pay for your acts of bigotry, the Holberts took me in as one of their own. Mr. Holbert began working at the market for almost eight months ago and did astound work. He was a good man who would never turn mound another man in need. Thats much more than I could ever say about you. You and Wesley along with half of Lake City sit down around eating your deviled eggs and drinking your lemonade (Ezparsa 2) while two innocent citizens with the same rights as you and I fell victim to a lower classes of scared white trash.

Literature :: essays research papers

In Oxford Concise Dictionary Literary Terms by Chris Baldick, characterization is defined as the representation of persons in narrative and melodramatic works which include direct and indirect methods in inviting the readers to infer qualities from characters actions, speech, or appearance. However, modal verbs in literature context serve as an eye destroyer to the personality and traits of the characters in short stories. It enables the readers to learn of the characters abilities, capabilities, prohibitions, obligations and so forth. The appearance of modals in literary texts serves its own specific purposes in accordance to the authors wish. In David Leavitts Territory which describes the relationship between a overprotect (Mrs. Campbell) and her son (Neil) who is a homosexual, gives me an interest to explore and find out more(prenominal) about the characters. Through the mathematical function of modals strand in the extract, it enables me to go in depth and examine the ch aracterization in the story.Firstly, in paragraph 2, bound 1 of the extract, the modal must is used by David Leavitt to show one of Neils traits indirectly The last item puzzles him Pedro. Pedro must be the gardener. Here, as Neil read through his mothers daily list found on the kitchen table, he came across the name Pedro which he was unfamiliar with. Eventually, he press outed an assumption which he believed was true. However, instead of using could to indicate possibility, the source chose to use the modal must to reveal Neils inner self-importance which was lacking in confidence and even probably having a sanitary need of self assurance despite the fact that the modal is meant to express certainty. Thus, the readers are able to know more of Neils character as the modal is used to create a reverse effect on the readers as an irony. Secondly, in this extract, Neil the protagonist is presented by the writer as a son who was torn between his own desire to follow his tenderhea rtedness or to live up to the society and his mothers expectations of him. He tried to vision himself as the son that his mother expects of him through the use of modal could He could make a list of his own selves the child, the adolescent, the on the loose(p) faggot son, and finally the good son, settled, relatively successful. (Paragraph 2, line 3)By using the modal could, it gives the readers a feeling that he is capable of doing what he was expected to and it solely depends on whether he is willing or not.

Tuesday, March 26, 2019

Possibilities in Ralph Waldo Ellisons Invisible Man :: Ralph Waldo Ellison Invisible Man Essays

Possibilities in Ralph Waldo Ellisons infrared Man In the 1900s opportunities for black people were very limited compared to the 21st century, w here jobs are in abundance and more people seek-out for those opportunities. According to Websters New human Dictionary, edited by Neufeldt and Sparks, an opportunity is, A combination of circumstances companionable for the purpose a good chance as to farm unitaryself (413). It is non what opportunity is made available unto oneself but what decision is made to advance oneself to a higher level in life. In out of sight Man, Ralph Waldo Ellison on the belief of a land of infinite possibilities/opportunities composed this falsehood his jump novel. Ellison believed that a wise and opportune person can turn a pile of rocks into a bag of rocks basically saying that one whitethorn take what they have available unto them, and create better opportunities, for themselves and other generations to come. Invisible Man is about chanceing onese lf and in that nature of discovery, running with ones destiny, and making any possibility into infinite possibilities, turning the smallest of opportunities into the biggest of opportunities. Invisible Man is about finding possibilities where possibilities seem impossible. Ralph Waldo Ellison was born on adjoin 1st in 1914 in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Ellison gained international fame from his first novel Invisible Man, which was inspired from his belief in the myth of the frontier, where he viewed the united States as the land of infinite possibilities and opportunities. The close-knit black community in which Ellison grew up in supplied him with images of courage and endurance. mend growing up many of times one may find themselves searching for their purpose in life through the different activities that one may join and lots times quit in search of something of better interest, something that he/she may feel fits their personality/character in a better manner. Da rnell charge once said, Character is what you know you are, not what others think you have. While Ellison was surrounded by the faces of unfamiliarity he also felt lost, however invisible at the same time, wondering What am I doing here is this place really for me do I want this? Ellison tried to find himself while asking others around him questions only he could answer.