Information Technology On Nursing Practices Health And Social Care Essay

information Technology On Nursing Practices Health And Social C atomic number 18 EssayMethodology -Survey found instrument was handlingd to gather the responses from the nurses weeing in leading hospitals having more 300 beds in Tiruchirappalli district. 70 respondents participated in this survey.Findings Chi-squ atomic number 18 test revealed that demographic characteristics of nurses and usage of discipline engine room argon independent The results of performer analysis demonstrated that softw ares, data bases, file tranfer and input devices are large in explaining assertion take aim among nurses and portions handle figurer access, perception about tuition engine room, connectivity, and shortage of computers are signifi go offt in creating barriers in usage of information technolgy. The extent to which nurses access and use information engineering and the purposes for which nurses use information technolgy are similarly highlighted.Limitations- This study is limited to only hospitals and the results. The results may non be applicable to other business organizations.Keywords learning Technology, Nursing, HospitalINTRODUCTIONThe impact of information technology on nurse has been a subject of discourse and dissertation for the latter half of the 20 (th) centuries and the betimes part of the 21(st). That this burgeoning technology has impacted the way nurses nurse can be without doubt. Whether this technology has and will nominate a negative or positive publication on nursing practice is where the debate centres. This study was undertaken with an objective of analysing the debate that surrounds the issues of the impact of Information Technology (IT) on nursing practice. The study is besides mean mainly to findout the extent and use of information technology on nursing practices.REVIEW OF LITERATUREToofany, Swaleh (2006) examined the attitude of nurses to the use of information technology (IT) in wellness care in Great Britain. A system is be ing developed by the Department of Health that will allow nurses to retrieve the health records of douranimouss from middle computer storage. A nurse does not consider themselves as having central roles in IT forethought. Many commentators believe that technophobia among nurses continues despite the increasing need for them to employ IT in health carePorter-OGrady, Tim (1999) had undertaken a study on Technology Demands Quick-change Nursing Roles. The study mainly focused on how nursing managers must present the emerging technological changes in health care and what is the impact of technology on nursing care and role of the manager in relation to the changes.Simpson, Roy L (2006) in their study, focused on the significance of information technology (IT) to nursing. It is said that a new way of practicing evidence-based nursing will rely on IT. The brainpower about the importance of IT is said to be the most challenging hindrance to IT ubiquity. The elements that are necessar y to IT ubiquity in nursing are products, learning, access and need.Rollins, Gina (2007) account on the growing number of nurses in the U.S. who are leaving hospitals to enter the clinical informatics field as electronic health records proliferate. A late(a) survey by the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society found the top three job responsibilities for nurse informatics include systems implementation, systems development and physical contact or communicator.Simpson, Roy L.(2002) in their study on The virtual reality revolution technology changes nursing education discussed the benefits of virtual technology for the improvement of nursing education. The former also focussed on background on limited opportunities for nursing students to practice their skills Advantages of using virtual reality technologies in improving the clinical skills of nursing students are also highlighted. Information on some(prenominal) nursing simulation tools were also presented in this study.Simpson, Roy L (2007) presents an analysis of how increasing the number of informatics-trained nurses can back up in the continual growth of require for nurses in the U.S. A paradigm of the supply-side economics was provided to compare the positive effect of stimulating supply than demand. The healthcare fabrication has reached the world of information technology (IT) so that nurses should then learn the language that it speaks, which is informatics. The author contends that the amount of effort, time and money can be saved if informatics-trained nurses are indeed pursued as a focus of development in the industry.Wallis, Alison (2007) in his study on Clinical data standards and nursing describes the benefits of information and communications technology programmes, often referred to as electronic health (e-health), to nurses in Great Britain. Among its contributions to patient care include its ability to offer ways of sharing patient information and the access it provides cl inical data for benchmarking and audit. The benefits of data standards accrue to nurses at all levels, whether they work in direct patient care, in unit management or at health board level.Brommeyer, Mark (2005) explains the concept of e-health healthcare technology. The authoer also highlighted the advantages of adopting e-health Information and communication technologies being used in most hospitals are also studied and Implications of using the technology are clearly furnished in his study.Hudson, Kathleen (2007), in his study Innovations in cardiac nursing and technology deals with several areas in which emerging technologies in cardiac nursing are most promising. The three options that exist for heart failure patients include destination therapy, bridge to graft and bridge to recovery. A cost-effective risk predictor is the Electrocardiogram T-wave analysis using microvolt T-wave alternans. Cardiac performance can be reliably assessed by non-invasive ambulant impedance cardiog raphy.RESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe present study is undertaken to find out the following.To identify the extent to which nurse have access to and use information technology and information management systems.To identify the purposes for which nurses use information techonolgy and information mangement systems.To find the association between the demographic profile and the work link activities with using computerTo identify the variables and their grouping into factors that influence level of confidence in the use of the following systems like input devices, software packages, data storages, and file transfer.To understand the barriers that prevents nurses from benefitng from information technology and information management system.3.1 The Sampling DesignA private hospital was chosen for conducting this study. The study has taken into account the various aspects of information technology and its impact on nursing practices. A sample of 70 nurses has been chosen from the populaton of 147 nurses working in same hospital using simple random have method. The tabulated description of demographic details of sample is presented in Table 1.Table 1. Frequency Distribution of sample demographicsS.noVariablesNumberFrequency (%)1Gender pistillate701002AgeBelow 30557930-4015213DesignationStaff Nurse4260ANM2536Surgical technician23Anesthesia technician114Shift timingContinuous shift role player5477Day shift doer710Evening shift worker46Night shift worker11Morning and Evening shift worker34Evening and night shift worker115QualificationsDiploma4666UG1217PG23Other10146DepartmentGeneral ward4361Annexe ward710Operation Theatre710Dialysis Unit46ICU9133.2 entropy CollectionThe data was collected from the nurses of the selected hospital through a questionaire which has 11 parts, namelyDemographic characteristics and background of ITAccess and Use of computersUse of Information TechnologyAccess to net profit and IntranetKnowledge of current Health I.T initiativesJob requirement for I.TTraining and Education about Information technologyBarriers to use of computers expert supportManagement attitudes and supportSecurity3.3 Measurement ScaleThe questionaire consisted of a series of statements, where the nurses were requested to provide answers in the form of agreement or disparity and good or poor and rarely or frequently and confident or not confident to express their perceptions towards information technology. A Likert scale was used. information ANALYSIS4.1 Chi Square summary4.1.1 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Age and counterfeit related activities at fundament computer)H0 thither is no portentous relation between age and scat related activities at topographic point computer.H1 There is substantial relation between age and clear related activities at Home computer.4.1.2 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Designation and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between designation and Work related activities at Hom e computer.H1 There is significant relation between designation and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.3 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.4 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.4.1.5 Chi- Square Test of Significance (Department and Work related activities at Home computer)H0 There is no significant relation between department and Work related activities at Home computer.H1 There is significant relation between department and Work related activities at Ho me computer.The values of chi-square statistics obtained from chi-squre distribution remand for all 5 combinations are 14.07, 32.67, 49.80, 32.67 and 41.337 in that order and the cypher chi-square statistics values are 12.853, 25.408, 36.97, 26.34 and 34.14 in that order which lies in the acceptance region. Thus, the null hypothesis can not be rejected .So, it can be concluded that demomograhpic characteristcs of nurses are independent with regard to work related activities at home computer on the basis of statistical evidence at 5 % level of significance. Results of chi-square are presented in Table 3.Table 3 Results of Chi-squre AnalysisS.noVariablesChi-square statistic1Age and Work related activities at Home computer.12.853 2Designation and Work related activities at Home computer.25.408 3Shift timings and Work related activities at Home computer.36.97 4Qualifications and Work related activities at Home computer.26.34 5Department and Work related activities at Home computer.34. 14 4.2 cistron Analysis4.2.1 Key property Level of confidence in using computersData validity for factor analysis was calculated using KMO Measure of sampling adequacy. The minimum accep get across level is 0.5. Since calculated Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.859 ) is greater than 0.5, so it is appropriate to do factor analysis. Hence Bartletts test of rotundness value is 1144.756, it is also a kind of chi-square and it is significant. The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartletts test of sphericity are shown in table 5.Table 5 KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..859BartlettsTestof SphericityApprox. Chi-Square1144.756Df153.000Sig..000Table 6 nub Variance ExplainedComponent sign Eigen valuesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %19.28851.59951.5999.28851.59951.59921.92610.69862.2981.92610.69862.29831.4688.15470.4521.4688.15470.45241.2546.96577.4161.2546.96577.4165.8694.83082.2466.7284.04486.2907.4 762.64288.9338.3531.96090.8939.3341.85392.74610.2641.46594.21111.2371.31995.53012.2251.25096.78013.148.82097.60014.140.77898.37915.107.59698.97516.087.48199.45517.055.30899.76318.043.237100.000The Principal Component Analysis was used for extraction method. The Table 6 reveals that 4 factors have been extracted out of 18 variables that exceed the Eigen value of one. The variables less than the Eigen value of one are not considered during extraction method.Table 7 Rotation Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %6.62636.81236.8122.70715.03851.8502.66014.77766.6271.94210.79077.416The Table 7 shows that chemical element 1, factor 2, factor 3 and factor 4 explain a variation of 36.812%, 15.038%, 14.777%, 10.790% respectively and unitedly show the variance of 77.416%.Table 8 Rotated Component MatrixComponent1234Apple Mac OS.888.125.204.106SPSS.853.212.245-.014Reference tools.836.199.291-.072Spreadsheet.811.219.152.065Evidence based practice resources.810.116.399-.020Data projector.773.226.271-.056USB.766.113.446.030Presentation.684.376-.042.272Touchscreeen.645.282.131.212Wi ndows OS.590.232.150.355Email.294.868.223-.018Intranet.149.842.267.030Internet.497.741.052-.112Data base.195.260.882.085Cd/DVD ROM.399.338.754.079Word processing.352.039.700.157Keyboard.048.045.067.920Mouse.066-.108.118.880Table 9 Naming of computesFactor 1Software PackagesFactor 2File TransferFactor 3Data StorageFactor 4Input devicesApple Mac OSEmailData baseKeyboardSPSSIntranetCD/DVD ROMMouseReference toolsInternetWord processingSpreadsheetEvidence based practice resourcesData projectorUSBPresentationTouchscreeenWindows OSIt is infered that factor 1 consists of ten variables of which Apple Mac OS , SPSS and Reference tools are found to be significant with a variation of 36.812%. Factor 2 consists of three variables of which email and intrant are significant with a variation of 15.038%. Factor 3 consists of three a variable of which database is significant with a variation of 1 4.777%. Factor 4 consists of two variables of which key board is significant with a variation of 10.790 %. Based on the results of factor loading (table 8), the factors are named which is given in table 9.4.2.2 Key Dimension Barriers to access of computersData validity for factor analysis was calculated using KMO Measure of sampling adequacy. The minimum acceptable level is 0.5. Since calculated Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0.685) is greater than 0.5, so it is appropriate to do factor analysis. Hence Bartletts test of sphericity value is 592.529, it is also a kind of chi-square and it is significant. The results of Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin and Bartletts test of sphericity are shown in table 10.Table 10 KMO and Bartletts TestKaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy..685Bartletts Test of SphericityApprox. Chi-Square592.529Df153.000Sig..000Table 11 Total Variance ExplainedComponent sign EigenvaluesExtraction Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %Total% of VarianceCumulative %16 .10533.91633.9166.10533.91633.91621.7599.77443.6891.7599.77443.68931.5818.78552.4751.5818.78552.47541.5178.43060.9051.5178.43060.90551.1506.39067.2941.1506.39067.2946.9825.45572.7507.8284.59977.3488.7364.09281.4409.6423.56885.00810.5282.93187.93911.4582.54490.48212.4032.24192.72313.3271.81594.53814.2841.57996.11715.2461.36597.48216.2081.15798.64017.158.87699.51618.087.484100.000Table 11 reveals that 5 factors have been extracted out of 18 variables that exceed the Eigen value of one.The variables less than the Eigen value of one are not considered during extraction method.Table 12 Rotation Sums of Squared LoadingsTotal% of VarianceCumulative %3.71520.64120.6413.28218.23538.8762.08411.57850.4541.82210.12160.5751.2106.72067.294The table 12 shows that factor 1, factor 2, factor 3 and factor 4 explain a variation of 20.641%, 18.235%, 11.578%, 10.121% and 6.720% respectively and together show the variance of 67.274%.Table 13 Rotated Component MatrixComponent12345Too some work demands.72 7.023.177.150.310Confidence in use.726.305-.077.074-.285IT knowledge.712.086-.087.053.063Response time of computer.678.191.359-.014.141Working in computer does not fit my work demand.675.091.491.082.137Lack of IT support.622.471.019.086-.053Attitudes of IT Department.368.802.051.118-.106Discouragement by others.059.758.065.102.054Patient and others are resentful of me at the computer-.074.692-.131.030.361Concerns about health and safety.274.678.232.016-.088Lack of hike by mgmt.380.537.267.080.267Age-.057-.049.852.040.088Senior staff take priority.322.511.600.068-.054Not having Interest in using computer.466.248.530.029-.020 military position of computer I use.242-.096-.195.813.235 fallible connections-.136.268.316.787.091Log on is too long.230.212.082.670-.465Not enough computers.182.139.097.092.687Factor 1Computer AccessFactor 2PerceptionFactor 3Usage of ComputerFactor 4ConnectivityFactor 5Not having enough computersToo many work demandsAttitudes of IT DepartmentAgeLocation of co mputer I useNot enough computersConfidence in useDiscouragement by othersSenior staff take priorityUnreliable connectionsIT knowledgePatient and others are resentful of me at the computerNot having Interest in using computerLog on is too longResponse time of computerConcerns about health and safetyWorking in computer does not fit my work demandLack of encouragement by mgmtLack of IT supportTable 14 Naming of FactorsIt is also infered that Factor 1 consists of six variables of which variables like too much demand of work and confidence in used are found to be significant with a variation of 20.641%. Factor 2 consists of five variables of which variable namely Attitudes of IT deparment is significant with a variation of 18.235 %. Factor 3 consists of three variables of which variable namely age is significant with a variation of 11.578%. Factor 4 consists of three variables of which placement of computers is significant with a variation of 10.121%. Factor 5 consists of one variable o f which not enough computers is significant with a variation of 6.720 %. Based on the results of factor loading (Table 13), the factors are named which is given in table 14.CONCLUSIONSThe conclusions derived in empirical analysis are summaried below.Most of the nurses are aware of Information Technology Practices wonted in their workplace.There is a ballpark consensus that Information Technology reduces the errors in handling the Patient/client data.Nurses use information technology for the purposes like professonal development, clinical care, patient care, administration, research and communication.Regarding the extent of access, majority of nurses disagree that they avoid using computers at their work. They have also realized the importance of using computers in their work.It is also found that use of information technology enables nurses in reducing errors in patient data and also helps in reducing duplication.There is also common agreemnt on the fact that Information technolgy made their job easier.Since the nurses are able to realize the importance of Information technolgy for their employer, they prefer that training on Information technology has to be provided to them by face-to-face.Many nurses didnt have their personal email id at their workplace and they are not financialy rewarded for the usage of Information technology.There is a overleap of confidence in using of systems like Patient/client monitoring ,Diagnostic result access ,Financial management,Staff Management,Delivery and On-line professional journals etc.,The demographic characteristics of nurses have a significant impact on the work related activities at their home.Factors like software packages, file transfer, data storage and input devices are significant in explaining the confidence level of nurses regarding the usage of computers.Factors like computer access, perception about Information technology, usage of computers, connectively, shortages of computers are significant in explaini ng the barriers to access of computers.Based on the findings, some suggestions have been made by researcher which is summarized belowThis study should be made every year to evaluate the new practices that can bring in changes in the hospital.The hospital administrators should provide rewarding system for Using of IT in work.The hospitals should also try to remove the barriers for improving the computer access among nurses.The nurses may also be permitted to access the Internet and Intranet in their work place.The management should provide them the training on the basis of the knowledge of current health initiativesIt is concluded that the in vogue(p) development in the IT greatly influences the day today activities of the nurses. So the Hospital Management should take necessary steps to take initiatives for the nurses to access the technology.LIMITATIONS AND FUTHER RESEARCHThe results obtained in this study could be subject to some limitations as mentioned belowThe study is limite d to a particlar hospital in a district.Since it is a service domain it was found to be difficult in meeting the respondents.The findings are based on the responses of 70 moderate sample sizes of nurses.Some avenues for further research are as followsA further study may be undertaken on factors that influences Information technolgy adoption among nurses andThe impact of information technolgy on patient safetyA study regarding how information management addressess the nursing issues may also be focussed.